Ecological constraints on the first prehistoric farmers in Europe
Ecological constraints on the first prehistoric farmers in Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2013.02.013
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
d'Errico, Francesco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banks, William E.;Antunes, Nicolas;d'Errico, Francesco
新石器时代革命见证了狩猎采集群体向农业社区的转变，传统上被视为允许人类群体创造生产系统的事件，从长远来看，这导致了今天的社会。尽管大量研究侧重于新石器时代过渡的机制和结果，但相对较少的工作是评估特定的以生产为导向的适应是否可以融入广泛的生态条件，以及特定的文化传统是否在生态上有所不同。为了研究三种主要新石器时代考古文化的适应性和地理分布的差异是否与不同环境条件的开发有关，我们应用遗传算法和最大熵生态位建模技术重建并比较了三种主要的新石器时代文化(Impect Ware、Carial Ware和Linearband keramik)在公元前8000至7000年间在欧洲传播的生态位。结果表明，这些培养物占据了相互排斥的环境条件套件，从而适应了不同的、基本上不重叠的生态位。我们认为，欧洲新石化化背后的历史进程受到了环境因素的影响，这些因素倾向于占领最适合特定文化适应的地区。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The Neolithic Revolution, which witnessed the transformation of hunter gatherer groups into farming communities, is traditionally viewed as the event that allowed human groups to create systems of production that, in the long run, led to present-day societies. Despite the large corpus of research focused on the mechanisms and outcomes of the Neolithic transition, relatively little effort has been devoted to evaluating whether particular production-oriented adaptations could be integrated into a broad range of ecological conditions, and if specific cultural traditions differed ecologically. In order to investigate whether the differences between the adaptations and geographic distributions of three major Early Neolithic archaeological cultures are related to the exploitation of different suites of environmental conditions, we apply genetic algorithm and maximum entropy ecological niche modeling techniques to reconstruct and compare the ecological niches within which three principal Neolithic cultures (Impressed Ware, Cardial Ware, and Linearbandkeramik) spread across Europe between ca. 8000 and 7000 cal yr BP. Results show that these cultures occupied mutually exclusive suites of environmental conditions and, thus, were adapted to distinct and essentially non-overlapping ecological niches. We argue that the historical processes behind the Neolithization of Europe were influenced by environmental factors predisposing occupation of regions most suited to specific cultural adaptations. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.