An optical interferometric technique for assessing ozone induced damage and recovery under cumulative exposures for a Japanese rice cultivar
An optical interferometric technique for assessing ozone induced damage and recovery under cumulative exposures for a Japanese rice cultivar
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一种光学干涉技术，用于评估日本水稻品种累积暴露下臭氧引起的损害和恢复
作者：
B. Thilakarathne;U. Rajagopalan;H. Kadono;Tetsushi Yonekura
暴露于臭氧（O3）会导致水稻（Oriza sativa L.）的生长和产量下降。常用的叶绿素荧光测量对于旨在立即评估的O3短期暴露不够灵敏。这种常规方法通常需要暴露几天来检测影响。作为一种替代方法，我们提出了一种新的非侵入性的，强大的，实时的，光学统计干涉技术（SIT）测量生长在0.1 nm的精度与常用的日本水稻品种，越光。在本研究中，我们进行了重复O3暴露实验三天，在三个不同的浓度0 nl l-1（对照），120 nl l-1，和240 nl l-1，调查的损害和恢复的强度。作为评估连续三天暴露于O3的效果和恢复的措施，我们每隔5.5秒测量一次伸长率（nm mm-1 sec-1），持续7小时，结果显示纳米伸长率波动或纳米固有波动（NIF）。比较标准化的纳米固有波动（NNIF），这是由曝光前的标准化的标准偏差（SD），我们发现，急剧减少下120 nl-1和240 nl-1的O3浓度。还原百分比大，在高O3浓度为240 nl l-1，表明不可逆效应的可能性。然而，暴露于120 nl l-1的O3显示恢复的第2和第3天。虽然SIT确实显示了基于几个小时的观察的即时效果，但仅在一周后才能观察到可见的叶面效果。因此，该技术可以提供一种快速评估的影响和恢复由于O3累积暴露，从而耐受性以及植物的生命力。
Exposure to ozone (O3) causes reduction both in the growth and yield of rice (Oriza sativa L.). Commonly used Chlorophyll fluorescent measurements are not sensitive enough for short term exposure of O3 aiming an immediate assessments. Such a conventional method typically needs exposure over a few days to detect the influence. As an alternative method, we proposed a novel non-invasive, robust, real-time, optical Statistical Interferometric Technique (SIT) to measure growth at an accuracy of 0.1 nm with a commonly consumed Japanese rice cultivar, Koshihikari. In the present study, we have conducted a repetitive O3 exposure experiment for three days under three different concentrations of 0 nl l-1 (control), 120 nl l-1, and 240 nl l-1, to investigate the damage and recovery strengths. As a measure to assess the effect and recovery from three consecutive day exposures of O3, we measured the elongation rate (nm mm-1 sec-1) every 5.5 sec for 7 hours, and it revealed nanometric elongation rate fluctuations or Nanometric Intrinsic Fluctuations (NIF). Comparing the standard deviation (SD) of normalized nanometric intrinsic fluctuations (NNIF), which was normalized by that before the exposure, we found that drastic reductions under both 120 nl l-1 and 240 nl l-1 O3 concentrations. Reduction percentages were large under high O3 concentration of 240 nl l-1 indicating the possibility of irreversible effect. However exposure to 120 nl l-1 of O3 showed recovery on the 2nd and 3rd days. While SIT did reveal immediate effect based on an observation for a few hours, the visible foliar effect could be observed only after a week. Hence, the technique could provide a way for fast assessment of effect and recovery due to cumulative exposure of O3 and hence the tolerance as well as the vitality of plant.