A germ theory for glacial systems?
A germ theory for glacial systems?
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DOI：
10.1002/wat2.1029
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Rassner, Sara M. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Arwyn;Irvine-Fynn, Tristram;Rassner, Sara M. E.
冰川和冰盖形式的冰川系统是地球水循环和气候的重要行为体。提高我们对它们的结构和功能的理解是相当重要的，冰川学家倾向于应用纯物理的角度来研究冰川系统。然而，冰川和冰盖作为地球上最大的淡水生态系统的新范式正在得到研究的支持，这些研究揭示了冰川生态系统中生命的丰度、活动和多样性，以及冰川系统在全球地球化学循环中的重要性。然而，尽管在我们生物圈的其他地方，微生物活动在塑造其栖息地和影响生态系统规模过程中的重要性得到了充分的认识，但迄今为止，在冰川系统中，微生物活动一直被忽视。在这里，几个离散的微生物过程相互作用的质量平衡和美化冰川系统的一部分，冰川系统的“细菌理论”的潜力被确定。这些过程包括冰晶形成和结构的微生物生物催化作用、冰-大气界面微生物群落的冰还原作用以及岩石-冰界面微生物介导的矿物风化作用。将这些微生物过程与非生物，物理过程中的微生物冰川学的框架将需要了解微生物对冰川系统的性质的影响的程度和意义。此外，采用微生物冰川学方法也补充了现有的物理和化学方法，以了解冰川系统如何应对我们的气候变暖。(C)2014 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Glacial systems in the form of glaciers and ice sheets are important actors in Earth's water cycle and climate. Improving our understanding of their structure and functionality is of considerable importance, and glaciologists have tended to apply a purely physical perspective to the study of glacial systems. However, a novel paradigm of glaciers and ice sheets as Earth's largest freshwater ecosystems is being supported by studies revealing the abundance, activity, and diversity of life in glacial ecosystems and the importance of glacial systems in global biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, while the importance of microbial activities in shaping their habitats and influencing landscape-scale processes is well recognized elsewhere in our biosphere it has hitherto been overlooked in glacial systems. Here, the potential for several discrete microbial processes to interact with mass balance and landscaping in glacial systems as part of a 'germ theory' of glacial systems is identified. These processes range from microbial biocatalysis of ice crystal formation and structure, albedo reduction by microbial assemblages at the ice-atmosphere interface to microbe-mediated mineral weathering at the rock-ice interface. Integrating these microbial processes with abiotic, physical processes in a framework of microbial glaciology will be required to understand the extent and significance of microbial influences upon the properties of glacial systems. Furthermore, adopting a microbial glaciology approach also complements existing physical and chemical approaches to glaciology to understand how glacial systems respond to our warming climate. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.