Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)
Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hayward, M. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hayward, M. W.
斑点鬣狗Crocuta Crocuta曾经被认为只是食腐动物；然而，详细的研究表明，它们是非常高效的捕食者。关于斑点鬣狗更喜欢捕食什么和它们避开什么，以及影响猎物选择的因素的信息是缺乏的。来自6个国家的14项已发表和一项未发表的研究数据被用于确定哪些猎物是首选的，哪些是避免使用雅各布斯指数。在多元回归中，以这些值的平均值作为因变量，以猎物丰度和猎物体重作为预测变量。与非洲其他大型捕食者形成鲜明对比的是，斑点鬣狗不会优先捕食任何物种。同样令人惊讶的是，只有水牛、长颈鹿和平原斑马被明显避开。斑点鬣狗最喜欢捕食体重在56-182公斤之间的猎物，体型为102公斤。斑点鬣狗的食性生态位宽度与美洲豹相似，两者有58.6%的实际猎物种类重叠，68.8%的首选猎物种类重叠。这些结果突出了斑点鬣狗捕食的灵活性和非选择性，这可能是该物种在其整个范围内成功的原因，尽管在很大程度上与狮子的饮食重叠。
Spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta were once considered mere scavengers; however, detailed research revealed that they are very efficient predators. Information on what spotted hyaenas actually prefer to prey on and what they avoid is lacking, as well as the factors that influence prey selection. Data from 14 published and one unpublished study from six countries throughout the distribution of the spotted hyaena were used to determine which prey species were preferred and which were avoided using Jacobs' index. The mean of these values for each species was used as the dependent variable in multiple regression, with prey abundance and prey body mass as predictive variables. In stark contrast to the rest of Africa's large predator guild, spotted hyaenas do not preferentially prey on any species. Also surprisingly, only buffalo, giraffe and plains zebra are significantly avoided. Spotted hyaena most prefer prey within a body mass range of 56-182 kg, with a mode of 102 kg. The dietary niche breadth of the spotted hyaena is similar to that of the lion Panthera leo, and the two species have a 58.6% actual prey species overlap and a 68.8% preferred prey species overlap. These results highlight the flexible and unselective nature of spotted hyaena predation and are probably a reason for the species' success throughout its range, despite a large degree of dietary overlap with lions.