Particularities of reproduction and oogenesis in teleost fish compared to mammals
Particularities of reproduction and oogenesis in teleost fish compared to mammals
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DOI：
10.1051/rnd:2005019
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jalabert, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jalabert, B
与哺乳动物相比，硬骨鱼的繁殖呈现出许多原始特征。物种的繁殖策略多种多样，可以适应多种水生环境。这种多样性可能涉及性行为、产卵和亲本行为、对环境因素的敏感性以及配子发生的具体特征，例如卵黄发生的持续时间和卵形态。性行为呈现出多种自然形态，从雌雄同体到雌雄同体。大多数物种的成虫身体生长没有明确的停止，这使得人们对生长-繁殖相互作用的实际控制特别感兴趣。卵黄发生是母体生物体重要的代谢过程，涉及卵黄蛋白原（一种在雌二醇刺激下肝脏中产生的特定糖脂磷蛋白）的合成，以及通过受体介导的过程将其掺入卵母细胞中。卵泡细胞中的雌二醇合成和卵黄卵泡对 vtg 的摄取似乎主要受 FSH 控制。卵母细胞的成熟是由孕激素或 MIS（成熟诱导类固醇）直接触发的，主要在 LH 控制下在卵泡细胞中合成，并通过膜受体的非基因组激活发挥作用。其中一些特性的实际应用主要来自受精过程和胚胎发育的外部特征，这允许分别操纵卵子染色体库和性别分化。此外，性别分化对外源因素的敏感性有利于开发控制养殖种群性别的实用方法。最后，生殖机制对外源物质的敏感性导致了对假定污染物的各种生物测定。
Compared to mammals, teleost reproduction presents many original features. Reproductive strategies of species are diversified into numerous adaptations to a large variety of aquatic environments. This diversity may concern sexuality, spawning and parental behaviour, sensitivity to environmental factors, and specific features of gametogenesis such as the duration of vitellogenesis, and egg morphology. Sexuality presents a variety of natural modalities, from gonochorism to hermaphrodism. The absence of definitive arrest of body growth in the adult of most species gives a particular interest to the practical control of growth-reproduction interactions. Vitellogenesis, which represents an important metabolic effort for the maternal organism, involves the synthesis of vitellogenin, a specific glycolipo-phosphoprotein produced in the liver under estradiol stimulation, and its incorporation into oocytes by a receptor mediated process. Both estradiol synthesis in follicle cells and vtg uptake by vitellogenic follicles appear to be mainly controlled by FSH. Oocyte maturation is directly triggered by a progestin, or MIS (maturation inducing steroid) synthesised in follicle cells mainly under LH control, and acting through the non-genomic activation of a membrane receptor. Practical applications of some of these particularities result mainly from the external character of the fertilisation process and of embryonic development, which allows manipulating respectively egg chromosome stocks and sex differentiation. Moreover, the sensitivity of sex differentiation to exogenous factors favours the development of practical methods to control the sex of farmed populations. Finally, the sensitivity of reproductive mechanisms to xenobiotics has led to various kinds of bioassays for putative pollutants.