Experimental evidence for adaptive divergence in response to a warmed habitat reveals roles for morphology, allometry and parasite resistance
Experimental evidence for adaptive divergence in response to a warmed habitat reveals roles for morphology, allometry and parasite resistance
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.10907
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发表时间：
2024-02-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Parsons，Kevin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smith，Bethany A.;Costa，Ana P. B.;Parsons，Kevin J.
外温带预计将特别容易受到气候变化导致的气温上升的影响。了解人口如何适应新的热环境将是制定缓解计划的关键。我们利用居住在邻近地热(暖)和环境(冷)生境的三刺鱼种群，通过田间相互移植实验来测试适应性进化分化。我们发现了适应性形态分化的证据，因为非本地栖息地的生长(长度变化)与头部、后部和整体身体形状有关。移植到非本地栖息地的鱼的生长速度更快，这与更接近本地鱼的形态有关。移植的结果是不对称的，冷源鱼类移植到温暖生境的存活率比温源鱼类移植到寒冷生境的存活率低，寄生虫流行率更高。我们还发现了与生长有关的不同形状异速生长。我们的发现表明，野生种群可以迅速适应炎热的条件，但立即过渡到更温暖的条件可能特别困难。
Ectotherms are expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change–driven increases in temperature. Understanding how populations adapt to novel thermal environments will be key for informing mitigation plans. We took advantage of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations inhabiting adjacent geothermal (warm) and ambient (cold) habitats to test for adaptive evolutionary divergence using a field reciprocal transplant experiment. We found evidence for adaptive morphological divergence, as growth (length change) in non‐native habitats related to head, posterior and total body shape. Higher growth in fish transplanted to a non‐native habitat was associated with morphological shape closer to native fish. The consequences of transplantation were asymmetric with cold sourced fish transplanted to the warm habitat suffering from lower survival rates and greater parasite prevalence than warm sourced fish transplanted to the cold habitat. We also found divergent shape allometries that related to growth. Our findings suggest that wild populations can adapt quickly to thermal conditions, but immediate transitions to warmer conditions may be particularly difficult.