A Revision of the Genus Leiobunum (Opiliones) of the United States
A Revision of the Genus Leiobunum (Opiliones) of the United States
复制标题
美国Leiobunum属（Opiliones）的修订
DOI：
10.2307/2419891
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发表时间：
1934
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. W. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. W. Davis
到目前为止，在建筑物的边上、树干上、木板下或圆木下被不经意的观察者注意到的更多的收割者或收割者属于Leiobunum属。对美国收割者的生态学研究很少，几乎所有已知的工作都与东部各州发现的这种物种有关。在这里，它们有一系列的栖息地，从沙质橡树岭到低矮潮湿的阔叶林。一些物种出现在几个非常不同的环境中，而另一些物种只出现在一个环境中。第一种情况的一个例子是双斑藻，它可以在阔叶林、松树林、灌木丛或沙灌丛中找到。另一种极端情况是双色，这种颜色只在树林中的小溪附近或树林中拍摄。在佛罗里达和纽约，这一属的更多的成员在7月份成熟。然而，腹蜂作为一种部分发育的若虫越冬，并在6月1日左右达到性成熟。在纽约州，可能还有其他地方，双色花在9月下旬或10月上旬成熟，并在成虫阶段越冬。关于Leiobunum的几个种的身份一直存在相当大的混乱，部分原因是在一些物种中发现了大量的变异，但主要是因为所有较老的作者类型都已被破坏或丢失。这篇论文就是为了减少这种困惑。沃克小姐在她的《俄亥俄州帕兰吉达校订》中使用的标本收藏在俄亥俄州立大学的收藏中。托马斯·赛的物种都被火烧毁了。霍勒斯·C·伍德，Jr.据信已经遗失。克拉伦斯·M·韦德的类型也失传了。内森·班克的类型保存在剑桥比较动物学博物馆。克罗斯比和毕晓普以及我自己描述的物种类型都在康奈尔大学收藏中。C.Fr.1910年，Roewer将来自俄勒冈州的一种Leiobunum描述为Ephippiatum。由于我不能检查这个物种的标本，它不包括在检索表中。鲁厄在《Die Weberknehte der Erde》一书中的描述的译文也被包括在内。许多人为这项工作提供了信息、援助或材料。内森·班克斯先生、玛丽·沃克小姐、W·M·巴罗斯博士和S·C·毕晓普博士都非常友好地允许我检查他们收藏的材料。克罗斯比教授提出了许多友好的建议和建设性的批评意见。T·H·哈贝尔教授贡献了大量材料。(662)
By far the greater number of Harvestmen or Opiliones which are noticed by the casual observer on the sides of buildings, on the trunks of trees or under boards or logs belong to the genus Leiobunum. Little work has been done on the ecology of American Harvestmen and nearly all of what is known concerns the species found in the eastern states. Here they have a range of habitats extending from sandy oak ridges to low moist hardwood forests. Some species occur in several very different environments while others only in one. An example of the first case is bimaculatum which can be found in hardwood forests, pine woods, scrub oak or sand scrub. The other extreme is found in bicolor which has been taken only in the immediate vicinity of a stream in woods or in wooded areas. The greater number of the members of this genus mature in July, in Florida as well as in New York. However ventricosum winters over as a partly grown nymph and reaches sexual maturity about the first of June. In New York State and probably elsewhere bicolor matures in the latter part of September or the first of October and winters over in the adult stage. There has been considerable confusion as to the identity of several species of Leiobunum, due in part to the large amount of variation found in some of the species but largely to the fact that all of the older authors' types have been destroyed or lost. This paper is an attempt to lessen such confusion. The specimens used by Miss Walker in her "Revision of the Phalangida of Ohio" are in the collection of Ohio State University. The types of Thomas Say's species were destroyed by fire. Those of Horace C. Wood, Jr. are believed to be lost. Clarence M. Weed's types ar also lost. Nathan Bank's types are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. The types of species described by Crosby and Bishop and by myself are in the Cornell University Collection. C. Fr. Roewer described a species of Leiobunum from Oregon as ephippiatum in 1910. As I have been unable to examine specimens of this species, it is not included in the key. A translation of Roewer's description in "Die Weberknechte der Erde" is included. A number of persons have contributed information, assistance, or material for this work. Mr. Nathan Banks, Miss Mary Walker, Dr. W. M. Barrows and Dr. S. C. Bishop have all very kindly allowed me to examine the material in their collections. Professor C. R. Crosby has given much friendly advice and constructive criticism. Professor T. H. Hubbell has contributed much of the material. (662