Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark
Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.15237
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
P. Pellitier;D. Zak;S. O. Salley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Pellitier;D. Zak;S. O. Salley
控制植物寄主内生菌群落组装和组成的因素仍然知之甚少。尤其是居住在树皮内的内生植物群落，这是植物微生物群中研究最少的组成部分之一。在这里，我们测试了不同树种的树皮作为内生菌群落结构的环境过滤器的假设，以及另一种假设，即树皮作为一个被动的储存库，积累了不同的孢子组合和潜在的真菌生活期。我们开发了一种从表面消毒的树皮中提取高质量DNA的方法，以编制第一个与培养无关的树皮内真菌群落研究。我们共采集了120棵树的样本，分布在温带阔叶林的多个地点的5种优势覆盖树种上。我们发现，五个树种都有独特的树皮内真菌组合，被子植物和裸子植物寄主拥有明显不同的真菌群落。树皮的化学成分(pH、总酚含量)构成了特定树种真菌群落之间的一些差异。树皮内真菌群落高度多样化(平均每棵树有117-171个可操作的分类单位)，并以一系列子囊菌真菌为主，这些真菌作为假定的内生菌无症状地生活。总之，我们的证据支持这一假设，即树皮作为环境过滤器构建树皮内部真菌群落。这些潜在的无处不在的和植物特有的真菌群落的作用仍然不确定，值得进一步研究。
The factors that control the assembly and composition of endophyte communities across plant hosts remains poorly understood. This is especially true for endophyte communities inhabiting inner tree bark, one of the least studied components of the plant microbiome. Here, we test the hypothesis that bark of different tree species acts as an environmental filter structuring endophyte communities, as well as the alternative hypothesis, that bark acts as a passive reservoir that accumulates a diverse assemblage of spores and latent fungal life stages. We develop a means of extracting high‐quality DNA from surface sterilized tree bark to compile the first culture‐independent study of inner bark fungal communities. We sampled a total of 120 trees, spanning five dominant overstorey species across multiple sites in a mixed temperate hardwood forest. We find that each of the five tree species harbour unique assemblages of inner bark fungi and that angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts harbour significantly different fungal communities. Chemical components of tree bark (pH, total phenolic content) structure some of the differences detected among fungal communities residing in particular tree species. Inner bark fungal communities were highly diverse (mean of 117–171 operational taxonomic units per tree) and dominated by a range of Ascomycete fungi living asymptomatically as putative endophytes. Together, our evidence supports the hypothesis that tree bark acts as an environmental filter structuring inner bark fungal communities. The role of these potentially ubiquitous and plant‐specific fungal communities remains uncertain and merits further study.