Negative valence systems: sustained threat and the predatory imminence continuum.
Negative valence systems: sustained threat and the predatory imminence continuum.
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DOI：
10.1042/etls20220003
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发表时间：
2022-12-09
影响因子：
3.8
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中科院分区：
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本文综述了美国国家精神卫生研究所（NationalInstituteofMental Health，U.S.A.）研究领域标准（RDoC）负价系统相关的威胁反应和捕食临近连续体模型的反捕食防御行为。虽然原始的RDoC潜在威胁（焦虑）和急性威胁（恐惧）结构与掠夺性紧迫性模型的遭遇前和遭遇后防御模式非常吻合，但持续威胁结构则不符合。对终纹床核（BST）的早期研究表明，当恐惧反应需要持续很长时间时，这个区域很重要。然而，后续研究表明，BST变得至关重要，不是因为反应需要持续，而是当触发恐惧的刺激更难了解时，特别是当厌恶刺激难以准确预测时。相反，有人认为，BST和海马体的行为，以扩大范围的条件，可以触发遭遇后防御（急性威胁）。它进一步表明，持续的威胁是指的情况下，掠夺的紧迫性连续体变得扭曲，导致防御行为侵入的时候，生物体应该从事其他适应性行为。压力被看作是一种可以引起连续体长期干扰的东西，这种干扰是一种持续威胁的状态。
This review describes the relationship between the National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.A.) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence System related to responses to threat and the Predatory Imminence Continuum model of antipredator defensive behavior. While the original RDoC constructs of Potential Threat (anxiety) and Acute Threat (fear) fit well with the pre-encounter and post-encounter defense modes of the predatory imminence model, the Sustained Threat construct does not. Early research on the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) suggested that when fear responding needed to be sustained for a prolonged duration this region was important. However, follow-up studies indicated that the BST becomes critical not because responses needed to be sustained but rather when the stimuli triggering fear were more difficult to learn about, particularly when aversive stimuli were difficult to accurately predict. Instead, it is argued that the BST and the hippocampus act to expand the range of conditions that can trigger post-encounter defense (Acute Threat). It is further suggested that sustained threat refers to situations where the predatory imminence continuum becomes distorted causing defensive behavior to intrude into times when organisms should be engaging in other adaptive behaviors. Stress is seen as something that can cause a long-term disturbance of the continuum and this disturbance is a state of sustained threat.