Cannabis and Its Derivatives: Review of Medical Use
Cannabis and Its Derivatives: Review of Medical Use
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DOI：
10.3122/jabfm.2011.04.100280
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Leung, Lawrence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leung, Lawrence
背景：在我们的社会中，大麻的使用往往是一种未被充分报道的活动。尽管有法律限制，大麻经常被用来缓解慢性和神经性疼痛，并且它会带来精神和身体上的不良影响，并有成瘾的倾向。本文旨在更新目前使用大麻及其衍生物的知识和证据，以了解社会法律背景和未来研究的前景。方法：大麻的使用可以追溯到古代文化，并且尽管受到法律限制，但在当今社会仍在继续。其活性成分 Delta 9-四氢大麻酚具有大麻的生理和精神作用。尽管临床试验证明大麻在缓解慢性和神经性疼痛方面有好处，但大麻也存在显着的潜在身体和精神副作用。最近的实验室数据强调了大麻素和阿片受体之间的协同相互作用，可能会减少寻求药物的行为和阿片类药物的节约效应。美国某些州的法律裁决也发生了变化，这可能会导致符合条件的人更广泛地使用大麻。 结论：家庭医生需要认识到这种不断变化的情况，并了解医用大麻的利弊、其使用的法律影响以及未来可能的发展的实际知识。 （J Am Board Fam Med 2011；24：452-462。）
Background: Use of cannabis is often an under-reported activity in our society. Despite legal restriction, cannabis is often used to relieve chronic and neuropathic pain, and it carries psychotropic and physical adverse effects with a propensity for addiction. This article aims to update the current knowledge and evidence of using cannabis and its derivatives with a view to the sociolegal context and perspectives for future research.Methods: Cannabis use can be traced back to ancient cultures and still continues in our present society despite legal curtailment. The active ingredient, Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, accounts for both the physical and psychotropic effects of cannabis. Though clinical trials demonstrate benefits in alleviating chronic and neuropathic pain, there is also significant potential physical and psychotropic side-effects of cannabis. Recent laboratory data highlight synergistic interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptors, with potential reduction of drug-seeking behavior and opiate sparing effects. Legal rulings also have changed in certain American states, which may lead to wider use of cannabis among eligible persons.Conclusions: Family physicians need to be cognizant of such changing landscapes with a practical knowledge on the pros and cons of medical marijuana, the legal implications of its use, and possible developments in the future. (J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:452-462.)