8 – Neuropathology of Amnesic States
8 – Neuropathology of Amnesic States
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8 – 遗忘状态的神经病理学
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-407-00056-8.50014-9
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Brierley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Brierley
这项选择性综述的目的是介绍和讨论从健忘症病例的人脑神经病理学检查中获得的一些大量信息。这一证据使我们得出这样的结论：感官印象和经验的保持，也许在某种程度上，还包括回忆，都依赖于大脑中某些小的、相对明确的区域的结构完整性。这一结论并不意味着记忆和回忆的功能是在这些区域内进行的，也不意味着由上脑干的一个小损伤引起的无意识证明意识存在于这一水平的结论是合理的，接受感觉印象、保持印象并在适当的时候回忆起印象的能力将被称为记忆过程。这一过程的某种干扰是许多具有器质性基础的记忆障碍的显著特征，而发生在癔症和功能性精神病中的记忆障碍在此不予考虑。在临床实践中，四个术语通常用于描述记忆障碍。第一种是“即时记忆”的缺陷，通常表现为数字记忆广度的减少。第二个术语是“最近”或“短期记忆”或“对最近事件的记忆”的缺陷。在这里，减少的保留时间跨度是几个小时甚至几天。这两个术语之间并不总是有区别，布朗（1964）在对“短期记忆”的评论中，使用后一个术语来描述几秒钟或几分钟的保留。这可能是因为“即时记忆”和“近期记忆”之间的区别更多是人为的，而不是真实的，而且由于数字的呈现有助于对保留进行简单的定量评估。保留
The purpose of this selective review is to present and to discuss some of the considerable information that has been obtained from the neuropathological examination of the human brain in cases of amnesia. This evidence has led to the conclusion that the retention and perhaps, to some extent, the recall of sensory impressions and experience are dependent upon the structural integrity of certain small and relatively well-defined regions of the brain. This conclusion does not imply that the functions of retention and recall are carried out within these regions, any more than that the unconsciousness resulting from a small lesion in the upper brainstem justifies the conclusion that consciousness resides at this level.The ability to receive a sensory impression, to retain it and to recall it at the appropriate moment, will be referred to as the process of memorizing. Some disturbance of this process is a salient feature of many of the disorders of memory that have an organic basis, and those that occur in hysteria and the functional psychoses will not be considered here. In clinical practice, four terms are commonly used to describe disorders of memorizing. The first is a defect of'immediate memory'and is usually evinced by a reduced digit-retention span. The second term is a defect of'recent'or'short-term memory'or of'memory for recent events'. Here the reduced retention span is one of hours or even days. A distinction between these two terms is not always made and Brown (1964), in a review of ‘short-term memory', uses this latter term to describe retention for a period of seconds or minutes. It may be that the distinction between'immediate'and'recent memory'is more artificial than real, and due to the fact that the presentation of digits lends itself to easy quantitative assessment of retention. The retention