Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review.
Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s140363
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Dosio F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruni N;Stella B;Giraudo L;Della Pepa C;Gastaldi D;Dosio F
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫属原生动物寄生虫引起的媒介传播的人畜共患疾病，可引起多种临床表现，如皮肤、内脏和粘膜皮肤利什曼病，具体取决于特定物种的感染部位。这些复杂性威胁着全球98个国家的3.5亿人。生活在巨噬细胞吞噬酶体内的无鞭毛体是抗利什曼病治疗的主要目标，但这些目标并不容易，因为药物必须克服主要的结构性障碍。此外，目前治疗的局限性与疗效、毒性和成本以及治疗时间有关，这可能会增加寄生虫抵抗力。纳米技术已成为一种有吸引力的替代方案，因为由纳米载体提供的传统药物提高了生物利用度，降低了毒性，加上有助于减轻这种疾病负担的其他特性。使用装载活性物质的胶体载体的意义来自于静脉注射纳米系统(吞噬细胞系统)的生理摄取途径。因此，纳米系统能够在细胞内单核巨噬细胞系统(MPS)感染的细胞中促进高浓度的药物。此外，纳米药物输送系统的多功能性，可以故意运输一系列分子，在设计治疗利什曼病的策略方面发挥着关键作用。本文对纳米载体在提高抗利什曼病药物疗效方面的研究进行了综述，并提出了一些改进药物传递的建议。
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are responsible for numerous clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, depending on the site of infection for particular species. These complexities threaten 350 million people in 98 countries worldwide. Amastigotes living within macrophage phagolysosomes are the principal target of antileishmanial treatment, but these are not an easy target as drugs must overcome major structural barriers. Furthermore, limitations on current therapy are related to efficacy, toxicity, and cost, as well as the length of treatment, which can increase parasitic resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as an attractive alternative as conventional drugs delivered by nanosized carriers have improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity, together with other characteristics that help to relieve the burden of this disease. The significance of using colloidal carriers loaded with active agents derives from the physiological uptake route of intravenous administered nanosystems (the phagocyte system). Nanosystems are thus able to promote a high drug concentration in intracellular mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-infected cells. Moreover, the versatility of nanometric drug delivery systems for the deliberate transport of a range of molecules plays a pivotal role in the design of therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis. This review discusses studies on nanocarriers that have greatly contributed to improving the efficacy of antileishmaniasis drugs, presenting a critical review and some suggestions for improving drug delivery.