"Breath figures" on leaf surfaces-formation and effects of microscopic leaf wetness.
"Breath figures" on leaf surfaces-formation and effects of microscopic leaf wetness.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2013.00422
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hunsche M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkhardt J;Hunsche M
“微观叶湿度”是指肉眼不可见的叶表面上的微量持续液态水。水分主要通过蒸发的水蒸气凝结在叶面上和附着在叶面颗粒上来维持。由于估计平均厚度小于1 μm，微观叶片湿度比早晨的露水薄两个数量级。降低饱和蒸汽压和促进凝结的最重要的物理过程是表皮吸收和吸湿叶面颗粒的潮解。潮解盐形成高度浓缩的溶液。取决于溶解离子的类型和浓度，微观叶片湿度的物理化学性质可以与纯水的物理化学性质有很大不同。微观叶片湿度可以在疏水性叶片表面上形成连续的薄层，在特定情况下可以起到类似于表面活性剂的作用，从而对叶片离子交换产生强烈的潜在影响。微观叶片湿度也可以增强特定大气痕量气体的溶解、排放和反应，氨，SO2，或臭氧，导致植物/大气相互作用的微观叶湿度的强大的潜在作用。由于其难以检测，有很少的知识的发生和微观叶片湿度的性质。然而，根据现有的证据和物理化学推理，可以假设，世界上几乎所有植物都发生了微观叶湿润，而且往往是永久性的，它显著影响了叶表面与其相邻隔室的交换过程，即，工厂内部和大气。过去，在一般的叶湿度概念中忽略了微观水，导致了影响深远的误导性结论。
“Microscopic leaf wetness” means minute amounts of persistent liquid water on leaf surfaces which are invisible to the naked eye. The water is mainly maintained by transpired water vapor condensing onto the leaf surface and to attached leaf surface particles. With an estimated average thickness of less than 1 μm, microscopic leaf wetness is about two orders of magnitude thinner than morning dewfall. The most important physical processes which reduce the saturation vapor pressure and promote condensation are cuticular absorption and the deliquescence of hygroscopic leaf surface particles. Deliquescent salts form highly concentrated solutions. Depending on the type and concentration of the dissolved ions, the physicochemical properties of microscopic leaf wetness can be considerably different from those of pure water. Microscopic leaf wetness can form continuous thin layers on hydrophobic leaf surfaces and in specific cases can act similar to surfactants, enabling a strong potential influence on the foliar exchange of ions. Microscopic leaf wetness can also enhance the dissolution, the emission, and the reaction of specific atmospheric trace gases e.g., ammonia, SO2, or ozone, leading to a strong potential role for microscopic leaf wetness in plant/atmosphere interaction. Due to its difficult detection, there is little knowledge about the occurrence and the properties of microscopic leaf wetness. However, based on the existing evidence and on physicochemical reasoning it can be hypothesized that microscopic leaf wetness occurs on almost any plant worldwide and often permanently, and that it significantly influences the exchange processes of the leaf surface with its neighboring compartments, i.e., the plant interior and the atmosphere. The omission of microscopic water in general leaf wetness concepts has caused far-reaching, misleading conclusions in the past.
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