Lipid rafts as functional heterogeneity in cell membranes
Lipid rafts as functional heterogeneity in cell membranes
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DOI：
10.1042/bst0370955
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Simons, Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lingwood, Daniel;Kaiser, Hermann-Josef;Simons, Kai
生物膜不是两亲蛋白和脂质的结构被动溶剂。相反，他们的成分似乎已经发展出内在特征，使组件的均匀分布不太可能。作为一个例子，自10年前假设的形式化以来，脂质筏的概念已受到生物学家和生物物理学家的极大关注。如今，很明显，鞘脂和胆固醇可以在模型膜中自相结合成微米级相，并且这些脂质参与活细胞质膜中高度动态的纳米级异质性的形成。但是，尚不清楚这些实体是否是同一原则的表现。可以通过分析其功能化条件来评估筏子分子组织的强大手段。筏异质性可以激活为结合，并横向重组/稳定细胞膜生物活性。对该特性的评估表明，功能性筏异质性是通过脂质驱动相隔离的原理与其他化学特异性结合的原理，可能涉及蛋白质。
Biological membranes are not structurally passive solvents of amphipathic proteins and lipids. Rather, it appears their constituents have evolved intrinsic characteristics that make homogeneous distribution of components unlikely. As a case in point, the concept of lipid rafts has received considerable attention from biologists and biophysicists since the formalization of the hypothesis more than 10 years ago. Today, it is clear that sphingolipid and cholesterol can self-associate into micron-scaled phases in model membranes and that these lipids are involved in the formation of highly dynamic nanoscale heterogeneity in the plasma membrane of living cells. However, it remains unclear whether these entities are manifestations of the same principle. A powerful means by which the molecular organization of rafts can be assessed is through analysis of their functionalized condition. Raft heterogeneity can be activated to coalesce and laterally reorganize/stabilize bioactivity in cell membranes. Evaluation of this property suggests that functional raft heterogeneity arises through principles of lipid-driven phase segregation coupled to additional chemical specificities, probably involving proteins.