Bimodal Alteration of the Oceanic Crust Revealed by Halogen and Noble Gas Systematics in the Oman Ophiolite

Bimodal Alteration of the Oceanic Crust Revealed by Halogen and Noble Gas Systematics in the Oman Ophiolite
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阿曼蛇绿岩中卤素和稀有气体系统学揭示的洋壳双峰蚀变

DOI:
10.1029/2021jb022669
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Carter E
Carter E
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter E

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大洋地壳的热液蚀变是一种全球性的地球化学交换过程,它将挥发性元素引入大洋岩石圈,并带走了结晶过程中的潜热。热液系统穿透下洋壳的程度存在争议,对于竞争下洋壳形成模型具有重要意义。在这项研究中,我们应用卤素和惰性气体地球化学,以更好地了解在一套辉长岩样品的热液蚀变过程中的流体来源和条件,从钻芯在阿曼蛇绿岩的中(孔GT 3A)和下(孔GT 1A)地壳。中地壳样品中的低Br/Cl受在相对高的流体/岩石比下形成的角闪石控制。同时,下地壳样品的Br/Cl值从海水到更高的值(<5 × 10−3)不等。这些都需要在下地壳中流体/岩石比率从0.01到<0.01的高度可变的蚀变。稀有气体同位素还表明,在中地壳和下地壳中,分别有相对较高和较低的流体/岩石比的蚀变。蚀变指标和流体/岩石比(烧失量,Pb/Ce,Br/Cl,40 Ar/36 Ar-96 Ma)的代理系统变化与距离主要断裂带在下地壳最强的相关性最小的蚀变矿物。结合K-Ar衰变的年龄限制,这些数据表明断层是主要的管道,与蛇绿岩的形成大致同时向下地壳供应海水,并开始于岩浆阶段。这些结果表明,下地壳的热液蚀变主要受断裂构造的控制。
Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust represents a globally significant geochemical exchange between the crust and oceans, introducing volatile elements into the oceanic lithosphere and removing latent heat from crystallization. The extent to which hydrothermal systems penetrate the lower oceanic crust is debated and is significant for competing models of lower oceanic crust formation. In this study, we apply halogen and noble gas geochemistry in order to better understand the fluid sources and conditions during a hydrothermal alteration in a suite of gabbros sampled from drill cores in the mid‐ (hole GT3A) and lower‐ (hole GT1A) crust of the Oman Ophiolite. Low Br/Cl in mid‐crustal samples is controlled by amphibole formed at relatively high fluid/rock ratios. Lower crustal samples, meanwhile, have Br/Cl ranging from seawater to much higher values (<5 × 10−3). These require alteration at highly variable fluid/rock ratios from ∼1 to <0.01 in the lower crust. Noble gas isotopes also suggest alteration at relatively high and low fluid/rock ratios in the mid‐ and lower‐crust, respectively. Indicators of alteration and proxies for fluid/rock ratios (loss on ignition, Pb/Ce, Br/Cl,40Ar/36Ar96Ma) vary systematically with distance from major fault zones in the lower crust with the strongest correlation in the least altered minerals. Together with age constraints derived from K‐Ar decay, these data indicate faults were major conduits, supplying seawater to the lower crust roughly contemporaneous with the formation of the ophiolite, and commencing at the magmatic stage. These results suggest that hydrothermal alteration of the lower crust is primarily controlled by major fault structures.
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