Solid versus Liquid Particle Sampling Efficiency of Three Personal Aerosol Samplers when Facing the Wind
Solid versus Liquid Particle Sampling Efficiency of Three Personal Aerosol Samplers when Facing the Wind
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mer077
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Volckens, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koehler, Kirsten A.;Anthony, T. Renee;Volckens, John
本研究的目的是检查三个人气溶胶采样器的迎风采样效率作为粒子相（固体与液体）的函数。所检查的采样器是IOM、Button和原型个人高流量可吸入采样器头（PHISH）。原型PHISH设计为与37 mm封闭面盒接口，并以10 l min（-1）的流量提供可吸入样本。增加流速可增加典型工作班次期间收集的质量，并有助于确保达到检测限，特别是对于控制良好但毒性很强的物种。两个PHISH原型进行了测试：一个与筛选的入口，一个与单孔开口面入口。个人气溶胶采样器进行了测试，在一个钝体盘，旋转沿着面对的风轴，以减少与采样超微粒气溶胶在低速风洞时空变异。当与已发表的口呼吸人体模型的迎风吸气效率数据相比时，IOM相对于所有尺寸和颗粒类型（固体和液体）的人体模型迎风吸气效率进行了过采样。对于固体颗粒，纽扣采样器的采样效率比IOM更接近于人体模型迎风抽吸效率，但筛网入口去除了大多数液体颗粒，导致与人体模型迎风抽吸效率相比大大低估。与人体模型迎风吸气效率相比，开放面PHISH结果显示高估了固体颗粒，低估了液体颗粒。在液体和固体颗粒之间观察到采样效率的实质性（和统计学上显著的）差异，特别是对于按钮和屏蔽PHISH，大多数气溶胶质量沉积在这些采样器的屏蔽入口上。我们的研究结果表明，大液滴具有低渗透效率，通过筛选的入口和颗粒反弹，固体颗粒，是一个重要的决定因素的吸入和采样效率的采样器与筛选的入口。
The objective of this study was to examine the facing-the-wind sampling efficiency of three personal aerosol samplers as a function of particle phase (solid versus liquid). Samplers examined were the IOM, Button, and a prototype personal high-flow inhalable sampler head (PHISH). The prototype PHISH was designed to interface with the 37-mm closed-face cassette and provide an inhalable sample at 10 l min(-1) of flow. Increased flow rate increases the amount of mass collected during a typical work shift and helps to ensure that limits of detection are met, particularly for well-controlled but highly toxic species. Two PHISH prototypes were tested: one with a screened inlet and one with a single-pore open-face inlet. Personal aerosol samplers were tested on a bluff-body disc that was rotated along the facing-the-wind axis to reduce spatiotemporal variability associated with sampling supermicron aerosol in low-velocity wind tunnels. When compared to published data for facing-wind aspiration efficiency for a mouth-breathing mannequin, the IOM oversampled relative to mannequin facing-the-wind aspiration efficiency for all sizes and particle types (solid and liquid). The sampling efficiency of the Button sampler was closer to the mannequin facing-the-wind aspiration efficiency than the IOM for solid particles, but the screened inlet removed most liquid particles, resulting in a large underestimation compared to the mannequin facing-the-wind aspiration efficiency. The open-face PHISH results showed overestimation for solid particles and underestimation for liquid particles when compared to the mannequin facing-the-wind aspiration efficiency. Substantial (and statistically significant) differences in sampling efficiency were observed between liquid and solid particles, particularly for the Button and screened-PHISH, with a majority of aerosol mass depositing on the screened inlets of these samplers. Our results suggest that large droplets have low penetration efficiencies through screened inlets and that particle bounce, for solid particles, is an important determinant of aspiration and sampling efficiencies for samplers with screened inlets.