The epidemiology of acute encephalitis
The epidemiology of acute encephalitis
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DOI：
10.1080/09602010600989620
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Crowcroft, Natasha S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granerod, Julia;Crowcroft, Natasha S.
脑炎是指脑部炎症。尽管脑炎是一种罕见的疾病，但由于其发病率和死亡率高，因此在全球范围内具有公共卫生重要性。然而，关于其流行病学的许多细节尚未阐明。这篇综述试图总结什么是已知的流行病学的感染性脑炎的原因，是基于文献检索的Medline档案。感染是最常见的原因，病毒是最重要的已知病原体。不同研究的发生率不同，但通常在3.5 - 7.4/100，000患者-年之间。脑炎影响所有年龄的人;然而，儿科人群的发病率较高。虽然男女都受到影响，但大多数研究表明男性略占优势。脑炎发生在世界各地;一些病原体具有全球分布（疱疹病毒），而其他病原体则受地理限制（虫媒病毒）。虽然明确的流行病学趋势是明显的，但很难作出概括，因为很少有基于人口的研究存在，大多数病例没有向卫生当局报告，许多可能的病原体涉及，但在大多数情况下，原因是永远找不到。
Encephalitis means inflammation of the brain matter. Despite being a rare condition, encephalitis is of public health importance worldwide because it has high morbidity and mortality. Yet, many details about its epidemiology have yet to be elucidated. This review attempts to summarise what is known about the epidemiology of the infective causes of encephalitis and is based on a literature search of the Medline archives. Infection is the most common cause identified, with viruses being the most important known aetiological agents. Incidence varies between studies but is generally between 3.5 and 7.4 per 100,000 patient-years. Encephalitis affects peoples of all ages; however, incidence is higher in the paediatric population. Although both sexes are affected, most studies have shown a slight predominance in males. Encephalitis occurs worldwide; some aetiologies have a global distribution (herpesviruses) while others are geographically restricted (arboviruses). Although definite epidemiological trends are evident, it is difficult to make generalisations as few population-based studies exist, most cases are not reported to health authorities, and many possible pathogens are implicated but in most cases a cause is never found. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this devastating disease will pave the way for better prevention and control strategies.