PARTIAL CENTRAL OF GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE MYCOPARASITE AMPELOMYCES-QUISQUALIS
PARTIAL CENTRAL OF GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE MYCOPARASITE AMPELOMYCES-QUISQUALIS
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DOI：
10.1094/pd-79-0483
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
SEEM, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FALK, SP;GADOURY, DM;SEEM, RC
通常在夏末，准葡萄曲霉会感染环状菌的衰老菌落。我们的目标是在流行病开始时引入支寄生虫，从而降低疾病的增长率。在建立田间试验之前，在温室和实验室分析中评估了拟蚊的致病性、毒力和寄主范围。白粉病菌落的感染只发生在植物保持湿润的情况下，并在10天内产生孢子。在葡萄幼苗上对两株拟南芥（G5和G273）进行了致病性和毒力评价，结果表明两株拟南芥在葡萄幼苗上对18株单分生孢子葡萄球菌具有致病性特异性。3个分离株（G273、SF419和SF423）对葫芦、草莓和葡萄幼苗上的褐球霉、葡萄幼苗上的褐球霉具有相同的致病性。所有的拟蚊分离株似乎都有广泛的寄主范围，并对白粉病菌落造成重大损害。用麦麸麦芽浸膏琼脂和麦麸麦芽浸膏琼脂浸透棉芯制备了拟拟拟单胞菌G273。在葡萄品种“雷司令”和葡萄品种间杂交品种“奥罗”的葡萄藤上悬挂灯芯。分生孢子在雨中分散，在叶片表面湿润时感染白粉病菌落。分生孢子在1990年被释放了3个月。1992年和1993年整个生长季节释放的分生孢子数量较多，这是由于每隔一段时间就补充一次定殖棉芯。威克斯在1992年和1993年释放分生孢子1至2个月后才耗尽。1990年，雷司令葡萄在植株生长15厘米处部署了定殖灯芯，从而减少了白粉病的发生。1992年，在黄芪蚜定殖的棉絮下，Aurore葡萄的病害严重程度降低，但发病率没有降低。1992年降雨量大，为菌体接种物的传播提供了充分的机会，湿润的环境有利于寄生。1993年是比1992年更干燥的季节，疾病发展较晚，而且大大减少。因此，当年在同一葡萄园中，处理过和未处理过的田块没有观察到差异。
Ampelomyces quisqualis normally infects senescent colonies of Uncinula necator in late summer. Our objective was to introduce the mycoparasite at the start of an epidemic, and thereby reduce the rate of disease increase. Prior to establishing field trials, isolates of A. quisqualis were evaluated for pathogenicity, virulence, and host range in greenhouse and laboratory assays. Infection of powdery mildew colonies only occurred when plants were kept wet and resulted in sporulation of A. quisqualis within 10 days. Two isolates of A. quisqualis (G5 and G273) were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence against 18 monoconidial isolates of U. necator on grape seedlings and showed little evidence of pathogenic specialization. Three isolates (G273, SF419, and SF423) were equally pathogenic to Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucurbit, S. macularis on strawberry, and U. necator on grape seedlings. All A. quisqualis isolates appear to have a broad host range and cause significant damage to powdery mildew colonies. Pycnidia of A. quisqualis G273 were produced on cotton wicks saturated with malt extract agar or wheat bran malt extract agar. Wicks were suspended above grapevines of Vitis vinifera 'Riesling' and Vitis interspecific hybrid Aurore. Conidia were dispersed during rain to infect powdery mildew colonies while leaf surfaces were wet. Conidia were released for 3 months in 1990 from a single deployment of wicks. Higher numbers of conidia were released during the entire growing season in 1992 and 1993 due to replenishment of colonized wicks at monthly intervals. Wicks released conidia for 1 to 2 months in 1992 and 1993 before becoming depleted. Powdery mildew development was reduced on Riesling vines in 1990 following deployment of colonized wicks at 15 cm of shoot growth. Disease severity but not incidence was reduced on Aurore vines in 1992 under A. quisqualis-colonized wicks. High rainfall in 1992 provided ample opportunities for dispersal of inoculum of the mycoparasite and the wet conditions were conducive to parasitism. Disease development was late and much reduced in 1993, which was a drier season than 1992. Consequently, no differences were observed in A. quisqualis-treated and untreated plots in the same vineyard that year.