Adaptive and Optimum Secret Key Establishment for Secure Vehicular Communications
Adaptive and Optimum Secret Key Establishment for Secure Vehicular Communications
复制标题
DOI：
10.1109/tvt.2021.3056638
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Maple, Carsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bottarelli, Mirko;Karadimas, Petros;Maple, Carsten
在智能交通系统(ITS)中，车辆之间的通信，即车到车(V2V)通信对于促进自动驾驶是至关重要的。目前V2V通信中安全数据交换的最新技术依赖于公钥密码技术(PKC)，它为加密/解密过程消耗了大量的计算和能量资源，并为密钥分发消耗了大量的带宽。为了克服这些限制，物理层安全(PLS)通过利用V2V通信通道的物理特性来生成对称加密密钥而成为一种轻量级解决方案。目前，密钥生成算法是通过经验参数设置来设计的，没有得到最优的密钥生成性能。本文通过引入一种新的信道响应量化方法来设计V2V通信中偏最小二乘的密钥生成算法，该方法通过解析参数设置来获得最优的性能。与当前最先进的技术水平相反，通道响应包含了导致时间可变性的所有V2V通道属性，例如三维(3D)散射和散射体的移动性。还结合了额外的功能，即扰动观察(PO)，其使算法能够适应合法实体处的V2V通道响应的固有非互易性。通过最大化密钥比特生成率(BGR)和密钥熵(H)以及最小化密钥比特失配率(BMR)来证明最佳性能。进一步引入了一种新的度量，即所谓的秘密比特生成率(SBGR)，作为成功用于组成密钥的比特数与信道样本总数的比率。SBGR统一了BGR和BMR，因此通过建议的算法过程最大化。
In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), communications between vehicles, i.e. vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications are of greatest importance to facilitate autonomous driving. The current state-of-the-art for secure data exchange in V2V communications relies on public-key cryptography (PKC) consuming significant computational and energy resources for the encryption/decryption process and large bandwidth for the key distribution. To overcome these limitations, physical-layer security (PLS) has emerged as a lightweight solution by exploiting the physical characteristics of the V2V communication channel to generate symmetric cryptographic keys. Currently, key-generation algorithms are designed via empirical parameter settings, without resulting in optimum key-generation performance. In this paper, we devise a key-generation algorithm for PLS in V2V communications by introducing a novel channel response quantisation method that results in optimum performance via analytical parameter settings. Contrary to the current state-of-the-art, the channel responses incorporate all V2V channel attributes that contribute to temporal variability, such as three dimensional (3D) scattering and scatterers' mobility. An extra functionality, namely, Perturbe-Observe (PO), is further incorporated that enables the algorithm to adapt to the inherent non-reciprocity of the V2V channel responses at the legitimate entities. Optimum performance is evidenced via maximisation of the key bit generation rate (BGR) and key entropy (H) and minimisation of the key bit mismatch rate (BMR). A new metric is further introduced, the so-called secret-bit generation rate (SBGR), as the ratio of the number of bits which are successfully used to compose keys to the total amount of channel samples. SBGR unifies BGR and BMR and is thus maximised by the proposed algorithmic process.