Pesticide risk assessment: A study on inhalation and dermal exposure to 2,4-D and paraquat among Malaysian paddy farmers
Pesticide risk assessment: A study on inhalation and dermal exposure to 2,4-D and paraquat among Malaysian paddy farmers
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DOI：
10.1080/03601234.2011.589309
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Othman, Fadzil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baharuddin, Mohd Rafee B.;Sahid, Ismail B.;Othman, Fadzil
我们进行了一项横断面分析研究，以评估在马来西亚霹雳州 Kerian 水稻种植区施用 II 类农药 2,4-D 和百草枯的人员接触农药的风险。它调查了天气对接触农药的影响以及记录的通常与农药接触相关的健康问题。对 140 名稻农（农药处理者）的潜在吸入和皮肤接触进行了评估。结果表明，虽然温度和湿度影响暴露，但风速对吸入农药暴露的影响最大。然而，两种除草剂的吸入暴露程度均低于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所 (NIOSH) 规定的允许暴露限值。皮肤暴露评估方法 (DREAM) 读数显示，手动喷雾的皮肤暴露程度从中度到高度不等。然而，使用机动喷雾器时，皮肤暴露程度从低到中。皮肤暴露与防护服的使用呈显着负相关。在手动背负式喷雾器的使用者中发现了各种类型的有害健康影响。长期喷洒活动与γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）肝酶水平的增加呈正相关。研究发现，喷洒设备的类型、使用适当的防护服以及坚持正确的喷洒操作是影响农药使用者接触农药程度的最重要因素。
A cross-section analytical study was conducted to evaluate the risk of pesticide exposure to those applying the Class II pesticides 2,4-D and paraquat in the paddy-growing areas of Kerian, Perak, Malaysia. It investigated the influence of weather on exposure as well as documented health problems commonly related to pesticide exposure. Potential inhalation and dermal exposure for 140 paddy farmers (handlers of pesticides) were assessed. Results showed that while temperature and humidity affected exposure, windspeed had the strongest impact on pesticide exposure via inhalation. However, the degree of exposure to both herbicides via inhalation was below the permissible exposure limits set by United States National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Dermal Exposure Assessment Method (DREAM) readings showed that dermal exposure with manual spraying ranged from moderate to high. With motorized sprayers, however, the level of dermal exposure ranged from low to moderate. Dermal exposure was significantly negatively correlated with the usage of protective clothing. Various types of deleterious health effects were detected among users of manual knapsack sprayers. Long-term spraying activities were positively correlated with increasing levels of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) liver enzyme. The type of spraying equipment, usage of proper protective clothing and adherence to correct spraying practices were found to be the most important factors influencing the degree of pesticide exposure among those applying pesticides.