Progress in the development of deposition prevention and cleaning techniques of in-vessel optics in ITER
Progress in the development of deposition prevention and cleaning techniques of in-vessel optics in ITER
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DOI：
10.1088/0029-5515/49/8/085032
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发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
E. Mukhin;K. Vukolov;V. Semenov;S. Tolstyakov;M. Kochergin;G. Kurskiev;K. Podushnikova;A. Razdobarin;A. Gorodetsky;R. Zalavutdinov;V. Bukhovets;A. Zakharov;S. Bulovich;V. Veiko;E. Shakshno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Mukhin;K. Vukolov;V. Semenov;S. Tolstyakov;M. Kochergin;G. Kurskiev;K. Podushnikova;A. Razdobarin;A. Gorodetsky;R. Zalavutdinov;V. Bukhovets;A. Zakharov;S. Bulovich;V. Veiko;E. Shakshno
未受反应堆级等离子体保护的前端光学部件的寿命可能非常短，这是因为受到来自铍墙和碳砖的等离子体侵蚀的碳和铍材料的严重污染。沉积导致光学传输的显著减少和光谱改变。此外，即使是相当薄的透明薄膜也会显著改变反射光谱的形状，特别是对于反射率相当低的反射镜，如W或Mo。通过各种光学诊断方法获得的数据的失真可能会影响ITER的安全运行。因此，光学清洗和防沉积技术的发展是热核实验堆光学诊断系统建设和运行的关键因素。该问题对于位于偏滤器区域中的光学元件尤其令人担忧。以偏滤器中汤姆逊散射系统的机内组件的防沉积/清洗技术为例，介绍了在容器内光学保护方面的最新成果。仔细考虑众所周知的和新颖的保护方法表明，它们都不能单独提供偏滤器中第一个血管内光学元件的有保证的生存能力。只有一套互补的预防/清洁技术，包括镜面特殊材料和等离子体抑制添加剂，才能管理这项具有挑战性的任务。在不久的将来需要解决的基本问题是，广泛发展在实验条件(暴露时间和污染通量)下测试的技术，类似于热核实验堆预期的技术。
The lifetime of front optical components unprotected from reactor grade plasmas may be very short due to intensive contamination with carbon and beryllium-based materials eroded by the plasma from beryllium walls and carbon tiles. Deposits result in a significant reduction and spectral alterations of optical transmission. In addition, even rather thin and transparent deposits can dramatically change the shape of reflectance spectra, especially for mirrors with rather low reflectivity, such as W or Mo. The distortion of data obtained with various optical diagnostics may affect the safe operation of ITER. Therefore, the development of optics-cleaning and deposition-mitigating techniques is a key factor in the construction and operation of optical diagnostics in ITER. The problem is of particular concern for optical elements positioned in the divertor region. The latest achievements in protection of in-vessel optics are presented using the example of deposition prevention/cleaning techniques for in-machine components of the Thomson scattering system in the divertor. Careful consideration of well-known and novel protection approaches shows that neither of them alone provides guaranteed survivability of the first in-vessel optics in the divertor. Only a set of complementary prevention/cleaning techniques, which include special materials for mirrors and inhibition additives for plasma, is able to manage the challenging task. The essential issue, which needs to be addressed in the immediate future, is an extensive development of techniques tested under experimental conditions (exposure time and contamination fluxes) similar to those expected in ITER.