A TECHNIQUE FOR TETRACYCLINE INJECTING AND TAGGING BILLFISH
A TECHNIQUE FOR TETRACYCLINE INJECTING AND TAGGING BILLFISH
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发表时间：
1992-09
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
P. Speare
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Speare
各种技术可用于验证鱼类的老化技术，通常需要进行修改以适应当前的需要。虽然有希望的结果已经提出了确定年龄的长嘴鱼的物种，在硬部件的增量标记的周期性尚未建立。我描述了通过向澳大利亚东海岸沃茨的太平洋旗鱼和黑马林注射土霉素来实现这种验证的开发和应用设备。我已经概述了这项工作的实际限制和结果所强调的标记系统的效用。400多条旗鱼和黑马林被贴上标签，并由从事正常包租业务的狩猎捕鱼船的船员同时注射。五条黑色马林被重新捕获，其中三条可供研究。这些鱼的耳石和鳍刺上都有明显的土霉素标记。在任何种类的长嘴鱼中，都没有严格的老化技术验证，该项目的成功和该技术的实用性提供了一种实现这种必要的年龄证明的手段。有几种方法被用来估计长嘴鱼的年龄和生长速率，包括形态进展和长度频率（DeSylva，1957;斯基尔曼和杨，1976; Pepperell，1990），鳍刺切片中周期性标记的检查（Jolley，1977; Hill等，1989）、椎中央（Hill等，1989）和耳石（Wilson，1984; Prince等，1986; Hill等人，1989; Prince等人，1991年）。耳石和鳍刺上的周期性标记为这些鱼的年龄提供了最好的估计。大西洋旗鱼Istiophorus platypterus的重新捕获，在近11年的时间里，能够对基于这些结构的老化技术进行严格的评估（Prince等人，1986年）。从鳍棘推测annuli计数严重低估了已知的最低年龄，这条鱼，显然是由于通过核心矩阵的增殖annuli的吸收。然而，对箭形虫外部脊的计数表明，这些形态结构的形成具有年度周期性。Prince et a1.（1991）检查了大西洋蓝马林幼鱼、幼鱼和成年鱼耳石的显微结构，并根据反算的产卵日期，提供了日增量沉积的证据。在幼鱼和青少年黑马林（Speare，unpubl.数据）。Wilson（1984）得出结论，耳石可用于估计白色马林和大西洋及太平洋蓝色马林的年龄。在详细比较太平洋蓝马林鱼的硬部老化技术时，Hill等人1.（1989年）发现，只要通过插值法估计棘中的再吸收增量，棘（肛门和背侧）和耳石在衰老研究中都可能有用（Hill，1986年）。尽管在硬部位上的增量作为长嘴鱼年龄和生长的估计值具有明显的效用（Radtke和Shepherd，1991年），但这些增量的周期性还没有确定任何种类的长嘴鱼。通过化学方法如四环素注射，在已知的时间将人工标记掺入硬部的结构中，是确定生长周期的特别有效的策略（Wild和Foreman，1980; Fowler，1989）。
Various techniques are available for validation of aging techniques for fishes, Modifications are usually required to suit the immediate needs. While promising results have been presented for the determination of age in species of billfish, the periodicity of incremental marks in hardparts has not been established. I describe the equipment developed and applied to achieve such validation through the injection of oxytetracycline into Pacific sailfish and black marlin in east coast Australian waters. I have outlined the practical constraints of the exercise and the utility of the tagging system highlighted by the results. Over 400 sailfish and black marlin were tagged and simultaneously injected by the crews of gamefishing vessels undertaking normal charter operations. Five black marlin were recaptured of which three were available for study. Each of these fish displayed easily discernible oxytetracycline marks in the otoliths and fin-spines. There has been no rigorous validation of aging techniques in any species of billfish and the success of this project and the utility of the technique offers a means to achieve this necessary proof of age. Several approaches have been used in attempts to estimate the ages and growth rates of billfishes.These include modal progression and length frequencies (DeSylva, 1957; Skillman and Yong, 1976; Pepperell, 1990), the examination of periodic marks in fin-spine sections (Jolley, 1977; Hill et al., 1989), vertebral central (Hill et a1., 1989) and otoliths (Wilson, 1984; Prince et a1., 1986; Hill et a1., 1989; Prince et a1., 1991). Periodic marks in the otoliths and fin-spines have provided the best estimates of age for these fish. The recapture of an Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, at large for almost 11 years, enabled critical evaluation of aging techniques based on these structures (Prince et al., 1986). Counts of presumed annuli from finspines grossly under-estimated the known minimum age of this fish, apparently due to the resorption of annuli through the proliferation of the core matrix. Counts of external ridges on the sagitta did, however, suggest an annual periodicity in the formation of these morphological structures. Prince et a1.(1991) examined the microstructure of otoliths from larvae, juvenile and adult Atlantic blue marlin and, on the basis of back-calculated spawning dates, produced evidence for daily increment deposition. Increments, presumed daily, have also been observed in larval andjuvenile black marlin (Speare, unpubl. data). Wilson (1984) concluded that otoliths were useful in estimating ages in white marlin and Atlantic and Pacific blue marlin. In a detailed comparison of hard part aging techniques for Pacific blue marlin, Hill et a1. (1989) found that both spines (anal and dorsal) and otoliths were potentially useful in aging studies, provided that resorbed increments in the spines were estimated by interpolation (Hill, 1986). Despite the apparent utility of increments on hard parts as estimators of age and growth in billfish (Radtke and Shepherd, 1991), the periodicity off ormation of these increments has not been determined for any species of billfish. The incorporation of an artificial mark, by chemical means such as a tetracycline injection, into the structure of the hardpart at a known time is a particularly effective strategy of determining increment periodicity (Wild and Foreman, 1980; Fowler, 1989).