Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted hyaenas: Preparation for joining the clan
Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted hyaenas: Preparation for joining the clan
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1996.0136
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Glickman, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drea, CM;Hawk, JE;Glickman, SE
斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）的早期社会发展以 2-3 周龄时的戏剧性转变为标志，此时婴儿被从隔离的出生巢穴（它们具有强烈的攻击性）转移到公共巢穴（在那里它们第一次见到大多数族群成员）。这项研究检查了八组圈养双胞胎在出生后第一个月的行为模式，以记录幼鬣狗为在公共巢穴中融入社会做好准备的变化。咬动是最极端的攻击性行为，在出生后第一周内明显减少，但其他形式的攻击性保持不变。在第一周，低强度的亲社会行为主要发生在母亲和幼崽之间。到第二周，出现了更高强度的社交游戏，主要发生在兄弟姐妹之间。第3周和第4周，幼崽互动游戏最频繁、持续时间更长、更有活力。运动和物体游戏分别直到第三周和第四周才出现。兄弟姐妹之间的支配关系在操作上是通过顺从的退缩来定义的。因此，攻击行为是单向的，大多数互动都是由主导者发起的。相比之下，游戏是相互的，并且由占主导地位的幼崽和处于从属地位的幼崽平等地发起。母亲对幼崽行为的干扰主要发生在极端攻击性的互动过程中，但很少发生在剧烈的玩耍过程中。结果表明，圈养鬣狗幼崽在严重攻击性下降后和野生幼崽被从出生地带到公共巢穴之前就出现了亲社会行为。有人认为，在建立统治关系后，玩耍可能会调节攻击性，并可能发挥直接的亲社会功能，为具有攻击性的鬣狗幼崽融入氏族做好准备。 (C) 1996 动物行为研究协会
The early social development of spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, is marked by a dramatic transition at 2-3 weeks of age, when infants are taken from the isolation of their natal den, where they are intensely aggressive, to the communal den, where they meet most dan members for the first time. This study examined behaviour patterns in eight sets of captive twins during the first month of life to document the changes that prepare young hyaenas for social integration at the communal den. Bite shakes, the most extreme aggressive behaviour, declined markedly within the first week of life, but other forms of aggression remained constant. During week 1, low-intensity prosocial behaviour occurred primarily between mother and cub. By week 2, higher-intensity social play emerged, occurring mainly between siblings. In weeks 3 and 4, cub interactive play was most frequent, lasted longer and was more vigorous. Locomotor and object play did not emerge until weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Dominance relations between siblings were operationally defined by submissive withdrawals. Accordingly, aggression was unidirectional, with dominants initiating most interactions. By contrast, play was reciprocal and equally initiated by dominant and subordinate cubs. Maternal interruption of cub behaviour mainly occurred during extreme aggressive interactions, but rarely during vigorous play. Results showed that prosocial behaviour emerged in captive hyaena cubs following a decline in severe aggression and before the time wild cubs are taken from the natal to the communal den. It is suggested that play may modulate aggression, following the establishment of a dominance relationship, and may serve an immediate prosocial function to prepare aggressive infant hyaenas for integration into the clan. (C) 1996 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour