Chemicals from Biomass

Chemicals from Biomass
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DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4757-0833-2_35
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发表时间:
1983
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
W. Sheppard;E. S. Lipinsky
W. Sheppard;E. S. Lipinsky
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
W. Sheppard;E. S. Lipinsky

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使用生物质作为材料来源不同于使用生物质作为燃料来源。首先,化学品的生产规模小于燃料。以美国为例,1980年能源使用总量为79 EJ*(能源部,1982年)。化学原料的使用(已包括在上文中)为3.2 EJ,或占总量的8.4%(美国国际贸易委员会,1980年;加拿大和欧洲标准,1981年)。(OECD数据给出了一个较低的数字,美国为6.1%,经合组织国家为6.3%。另一种比较化学品和燃料的方法是看看乙醇和汽油。美国在1980年消耗了3.8 × 1011升汽油,但合成乙醇的产量只有6.6 × 108升。(By与生物质生产相比,如果美国所有的玉米生产都转化为乙醇,将达到8.4 × 1010升。
The use of biomass as a source of materials is different from the use of biomass as a source of fuels. First, the scale of production of chemicals is smaller than of fuels. Using the United States as an example, in 1980 total energy use was 79 EJ* (DOE 1982). Chemical feedstock use (which is included in the above) was 3.2 EJ, or 8.4 percent of the total (USITC 1980; C&EN 1981). (OECD data gives a lower number, 6.1 percent for the United States and 6.3 percent for the OECD countries as a whole (IEA).) Another way to compare the chemicals and fuels is to look at ethyl alcohol and gasoline. The United States in 1980 consumed 3.8 × 1011liters of gasoline, but synthetic ethanol production was only 6.6 × 108liters. (By way of comparison with biomass production, if all the maize production in the United States were converted to ethanol, it would amount to 8.4 × 1010liters.)