Anaerobic degradation of brominated flame retardants in sewage sludge
Anaerobic degradation of brominated flame retardants in sewage sludge
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.016
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Kohler, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerecke, Andreas C.;Giger, Walter;Kohler, Martin
四溴双酚A（TBBPA）、六溴环十二烷（HBCD）和十溴二苯醚（DecaBDE）是生产量很大的化学品，用作电子设备等产品塑料中的阻燃剂。隔热板和纺织品。溴系阻燃剂的环境安全性，特别是其持久性、生物累积性和毒性是一个有争议的话题。在此，我们研究和比较了TBBPA的降解。六溴环十二烷。在厌氧条件下，消化污泥中的十溴二苯醚。四溴双酚A和六溴环十二烷工业混合物的半衰期分别为0.59天和0.66天。分别与（+/-）-β-六溴环十二烷和（+/-）-γ-六溴环十二烷相比，（+/-）-α-六溴环十二烷的半衰期几乎增加了一倍，这一事实是关于单个六溴环十二烷立体异构体持久性的讨论和最近关于α-六溴环十二烷在生物群中相对富集程度很高的报告中的一个重要发现。我们没有发现α-、β-或γ-六溴环十二烷的统计学显著的对映选择性降解。四溴双酚A和六溴环十二烷技术混合物的半衰期不取决于是否存在额外的营养物质或引物。无菌对照样品中四溴双酚A和六溴环十二烷工业混合物的浓度也有所下降，但下降速度比非无菌条件下孵育的速度小50倍以上。与四溴双酚A和六溴环十二烷技术混合物相比。在同一系统中，十溴二苯醚的半衰期要长得多，为7 x10（2）天。伪一级降解速率常数按以下顺序降低：四溴双酚A与（+/-）-γ-六溴环十二烷相同与（+/-）-β-六溴环十二烷相同>（+/-）-α-六溴环十二烷>>十溴二苯醚。初步调查表明，TBBPA、六溴环十二烷的降解。十溴二苯醚也出现在全尺寸厌氧消化器中。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) are high production volume chemicals used as flame retardants in plastics for products such as electronic equipment. insulation panels, and textiles. The environmental safety of brominated flame retardants, especially their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity is a controversial topic. Here, we studied and compared the degradation of TBBPA. HBCD. and DecaBDE under anaerobic conditions in digested sewage sludge. The half-lives of TBBPA and a technical HBCD mixture were 0.59 and 0.66 d. respectively. The fact that (+/-)-alpha-HBCD exhibited an almost doubled half-life compared to (+/-)-beta-HBCD and (+/-)-gamma-HBCD is an important finding with respect to the discussion on the persistence of individual HBCD stereoisomers and the recent reports on strong relative enrichment of a-HBCD in biota. We found no statistically significant enantioselective degradation of alpha-, beta-, or gamma-HBCD. Half-lives of TBBPA and a technical HBCD mixture were not dependent on the presence of additional nutrients or primers. Concentrations of TBBPA and a technical HBCD mixture decreased also in sterile control samples, however, at a rate that was more than a factor of 50 smaller than in incubations under non-sterile conditions. Compared to TBBPA and a technical HBCD mixture. DecaBDE exhibited a much longer half-life of 7 x 10(2) d in the same system. Pseudo-first-order degradation rate constants decreased according to the following sequence: TBBPA congruent to (+/-)-gamma-HBCD congruent to (+/-)-beta-HBCD > (+/-)-alpha-HBCD >> DecaBDE. Preliminary investigations suggest that degradation of TBBPA, HBCD. and DecaBDE occurs in full-scale anaerobic digesters, as well. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.