Evaluating Coupling Models for Cloud Datacenters and Power Grids
Evaluating Coupling Models for Cloud Datacenters and Power Grids
复制标题
DOI：
10.1145/3447555.3464868
复制
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liuzixuan Lin;V. Zavala;A. Chien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liuzixuan Lin;V. Zavala;A. Chien
数据中心（DC）负载的快速增长可以用来帮助满足电网中的可再生能源组合标准（RPS，可再生能源比例）目标。随着时间的推移（转移）操纵DC负载的能力提供了一种机制来处理不可调度的可再生能源发电（例如风能和太阳能）与整体电网负载之间的时间失配，这种灵活性最终促进了可再生能源的吸收和电网脱碳。为此，我们研究直流电网耦合模型，探讨其对电网调度，可再生能源吸收，电力价格和碳排放的影响。通过详细的电网调度、发电、拓扑和负荷模型，我们考虑了三种耦合方法：固定、局部优化（在线动态规划）和全网优化（最优潮流）。结果表明，了解动态直流负载管理的影响，需要研究模型的动态负载和电网。动态直流-电网耦合可以产生大的改进：（1）降低电网调度成本（-3%），（2）增加电网可再生能源比例（+1.58%），（3）降低直流电力成本（-16.9%）。它也有负面影响：（1）增加DC和非DC客户的成本，（2）差别地增加非DC客户的价格，以及（3）产生可能损害DC生产率的大功率电平变化。
The rapid growth of datacenter (DC) loads can be leveraged to help meet renewable portfolio standard (RPS, renewable fraction) targets in power grids. The ability to manipulate DC loads over time (shifting) provides a mechanism to deal with temporal mismatch between non-dispatchable renewable generation (e.g. wind and solar) and overall grid loads, and this flexibility ultimately facilitates the absorption of renewables and grid decarbonization. To this end, we study DC-grid coupling models, exploring their impact on grid dispatch, renewable absorption, power prices, and carbon emissions. With a detailed model of grid dispatch, generation, topology, and loads, we consider three coupling approaches: fixed, datacenter-local optimization (online dynamic programming), and grid-wide optimization (optimal power flow). Results show that understanding the effects of dynamic DC load management requires studies that model the dynamics of both load and power grid. Dynamic DC-grid coupling can produce large improvements: (1) reduce grid dispatch cost (-3%), (2) increase grid renewable fraction (+1.58%), and (3) reduce DC power cost (-16.9%). It also has negative effects: (1) increase cost for both DCs and non-DC customers, (2) differentially increase prices for non-DC customers, and (3) create large power-level changes that may harm DC productivity.