The Europeanization of UK Government: from Quiet Revolution to Explicit Step‐Change?
The Europeanization of UK Government: from Quiet Revolution to Explicit Step‐Change?
复制标题
英国政府的欧洲化：从悄无声息的革命到明确的阶跃变革？
DOI：
10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00481.x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Burch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Bulmer;M. Burch
[导言]。英国政府对欧洲一体化的适应是一个长期的过程。它可以追溯到1961年哈罗德·麦克米伦领导的保守党政府申请加入欧洲共同体。这一进程在英国1973年加入后得到了认真发展。然而，加入欧盟并不是一个“大爆炸”事件，因为在加入之前就已经开始了调整，与1973年的欧洲共同体（EC）相比，今天的欧盟已经有了很大的发展。自1973年以来，这是一个渐进的过程，其特点是政策覆盖面的扩大和欧洲一级机构密度的增加。偶尔的高调辩论，如1975年英国就继续保留成员国资格举行的全民公决或批准马斯特里赫特条约期间的辩论，突出了欧洲问题的重要性。然而，远离这些更广泛的公众关注的时期，一体化对英国政府和政策过程的影响以一种相对看不见的方式逐步发展。然而，这些变化的累积效应导致了英国政府和政策制定模式的重大改变。因此，随着时间的推移，英国政府发生了转变，可以被视为一场静悄悄的革命。
[Introduction]. The adaptation of UK government to European integration has been a long-term process. It can be dated back to the 1961 application by the Conservative government under Harold Macmillan to join the European Communities. The process developed in earnest after the UK's accession in 1973. However, accession was not a "big-bang" event, since adjustment had begun before accession, and the EU of today has developed massively compared to the European Communities (EC) of 1973. The process since 1973 was an incremental one characterised by a broadening of policy coverage and increasing institutional density at European level. Occasional high-profile debates, such as those at the time of the 1975 UK referendum on continued membership or during the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty, highlighted the importance of the European issue. However, away from these periods of wider public attention, the impact of integration upon UK government and the policy process developed incrementally in a relatively unseen manner. The cumulative effect of these changes, however, amounted to a substantial and significant alteration in the pattern of UK government and policy-making. Thus, over time a transformation of British government took place that could be regarded as a quiet revolution.