Mild olefin formation via bio-inspired vitamin B(12) photocatalysis.

Mild olefin formation via bio-inspired vitamin B(12) photocatalysis.
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通过生物启发的维生素B(12)光催化的轻度烯烃形成。

DOI:
10.1039/d0sc05925k
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发表时间:
2020-12-08
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
West JG
West JG
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bam R;Pollatos AS;Moser AJ;West JG

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脱卤化氢或消除卤化氢等价物仍然是安装具有生物学重要性的烯烃官能团的最简单方法之一。然而,这种转化通常需要苛刻的强碱性条件、稀有贵金属或两者兼而有之,限制了其在复杂分子合成中的适用性。 Nature 在新型维生素 B12 依赖性光感受器 CarH 中寻求了一种补充方法,其中钴-碳键的光解导致在温和的生理相关条件下选择性地形成烯烃。在此,我们报道了一种基于 B12 的光驱动催化系统,该系统利用这种反应性,仅使用地球上丰富的元素,在极其温和的条件下将烷基亲电子试剂转化为烯烃。此外,该方法表现出高水平的区域选择性,以中等至优异的产率和优异的选择性生产末端烯烃。最后,我们能够实现迄今为止未知的转化,即远程消除,串联使用两种钴催化剂来生产具有优异区域选择性的次末端烯烃。我们共同证明维生素 B12 是开发温和的烯烃形成反应的强大平台。末端或亚末端烯烃可以通过仿生维生素 B12 光催化选择性地由烷基亲电子试剂形成。
Dehydrohalogenation, or elimination of hydrogen-halide equivalents, remains one of the simplest methods for the installation of the biologically-important olefin functionality. However, this transformation often requires harsh, strongly-basic conditions, rare noble metals, or both, limiting its applicability in the synthesis of complex molecules. Nature has pursued a complementary approach in the novel vitamin B12-dependent photoreceptor CarH, where photolysis of a cobalt–carbon bond leads to selective olefin formation under mild, physiologically-relevant conditions. Herein we report a light-driven B12-based catalytic system that leverages this reactivity to convert alkyl electrophiles to olefins under incredibly mild conditions using only earth abundant elements. Further, this process exhibits a high level of regioselectivity, producing terminal olefins in moderate to excellent yield and exceptional selectivity. Finally, we are able to access a hitherto-unknown transformation, remote elimination, using two cobalt catalysts in tandem to produce subterminal olefins with excellent regioselectivity. Together, we show vitamin B12 to be a powerful platform for developing mild olefin-forming reactions. Terminal or subterminal olefins can be selectively formed from alkyl electrophiles via bio-inspired vitamin B12 photocatalysis.
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