System as Difference
System as Difference
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系统作为差异
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Luhmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Luhmann
这是尼克拉斯·卢曼的一次演讲的编辑和翻译的文字稿，他在演讲中概述了他基于差异和区别概念的系统论的基础。在简要介绍了早期的区分理论之后，斯宾塞-布朗的形式律作为最激进的差异思维形式的核心思想被提出。对于卢曼的系统论来说，这有四个重要的后果。首先，制度是制度与环境的区别。第二，可以通过单一的运行模式来定义系统。第三，每个(社会)系统在内部(即在系统内)观察自己的系统/环境区别；系统/环境区别重新进入系统。第四，每一种社会理论都是社会领域的一部分，也是它所描述的内容的一部分。
This is an edited and translated transcript of a lecture by Niklas Luhmann in which he outlined the foundation of his systems theory based on the notion of difference and distinction. After a brief introduction to early theories of distinction, the central ideas of Spencer-Brown’s Laws of Form as the most radical form of differential thinking are presented. For Luhmann’s systems theory, this has four important consequences. First, the system is the difference between system and environment. Second, the system can be defined through a single mode of operation. Third, every (social) system observes internally (i.e. within the system) its own system/environment distinction; there is a re-entry of the system/environment distinction into the system. Fourth, every social theory is part of the social domain and as such part of what it describes.