Energetics of high-intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue
Energetics of high-intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue
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DOI：
10.1080/026404197367263
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Reilly, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reilly, T
足球需要间歇性的运动，短时间的剧烈运动会打断长时间的低水平、中等强度的运动。高水平的血乳酸有时可能会在比赛中观察到，但在次最大运动水平下的主动恢复期允许其持续去除。虽然无氧的努力在带球和跟踪快速移动的对手的活动中很明显，但最大的压力是有氧代谢。平均而言，竞技足球相当于最大有氧功率的75%左右的能量消耗。能量消耗随位置的不同而不同，以中场运动员最高。肌肉糖原水平在比赛结束时会降低，降低的程度反映在工作率的降低上。血糖水平通常保持良好，尽管即使在温和的条件下体温也会上升2摄氏度。运动员所跑的距离往往会低估所消耗的能量。非正统的运动模式--向后和向侧面跑，加速，减速和改变方向--加重了代谢负荷。这些都是复杂的额外要求的能源与运球和争夺控球。当球员需要在比赛中打加时赛时，总的能量消耗是极端的。训练、营养和战术策略可以用来减少比赛后期可能出现的疲劳的影响。
Soccer entails intermittent exercise with bouts of short, intense activity punctuating longer periods of low-level, moderate-intensity exercise. High levels of blood lactate may sometimes be observed during a match but the active recovery periods at submaximal exercise levels allow for its removal on a continual basis. While anaerobic efforts are evident in activity with the ball and shadowing fast-moving opponents, the largest strain is placed on aerobic metabolism.On average, competitive soccer corresponds to an energy expenditure of about 75% maximal aerobic power. The energy expenditure varies with playing position, being highest among midfield players. Muscle glycogen levels can be reduced towards the end of a game, the level of reduction being reflected in a decrease in work rate. Blood glucose levels are generally well-maintained, although body temperature may rise by 2 degrees C even in temperate conditions.The distance covered by players tends to under-reflect the energy expended. Unorthodox modes of motion - running backwards and sideways, accelerating, decelerating and changing direction - accentuate the metabolic loading. These are compounded by the extra requirements for energy associated with dribbling the ball and contesting possession. The overall energy expended is extreme when players are required to play extra-time in tournaments. Training, nutritional and tactical strategies may be used to reduce the effects of fatigue that may occur late in the game.