On Actively-Secure Elementary MPC Reductions

On Actively-Secure Elementary MPC Reductions
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关于主动安全的基本 MPC 缩减

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-90459-3_24
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Theory of Cryptography 2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Benny Applebaum, Aarushi Goel
Benny Applebaum, Aarushi Goel
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文献类型:
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作者:
Benny Applebaum, Aarushi Goel

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我们引入了基本mpreduce的概念,它允许我们通过调用一个恒定度的“非加密”功能来安全地计算一个功能,而不需要任何额外的交互。粗略地说,“非加密”意味着不使用加密原语,尽管各方可以在本地调用这些原语。经典的MPC结果在各种情况下产生了这样的基本减少,包括设置具有完全腐败阈值的被动安全(Yao, FOCS ' 86; Beaver, Micali, and Rogaway, STOC ' 90),设置针对腐败少数的完全主动安全(damg<s:1>和Ishai, Crypto ' 05),以及在功能上,甚至设置具有完全腐败阈值的完全主动(信息论)安全(Ishai和Kushilevitz, FOCS ' 00)。这留下了一个基本约简的存在,它在所有有效可计算函数的不诚实多数设置中实现了完全的主动安全性。我们的主要结果表明,这种减少不太可能存在。具体来说,计算安全的基本约简的存在使得黑箱使用PRG并实现非常弱形式的部分公平(例如,仅当第一方未损坏时才成立),将允许我们通过实现信息论被动安全的非平凡概念的常数轮协议实现任何有效的可计算函数。后者的存在是信息论密码学中一个众所周知的30年前的开放问题(Beaver, Micali, and Rogaway, STOC ' 90)。从积极的方面来看,我们观察到这种障碍可以在以下任何放松下绕过:(1)非黑盒使用伪随机生成器;(二)安全保障较弱的,如具有可识别中止的安全保障;或者(3)与功能的额外一轮通信。
We introduce the notion ofelementary MPCreductions that allow us to securely compute a functionalityfby making a single call to a constant-degree “non-cryptographic” functionalitygwithout requiring any additional interaction. Roughly speaking, “non-cryptographic” means thatgdoes not make use of cryptographic primitives, though the parties can locally call such primitives.Classical MPC results yield such elementary reductions in various cases including the setting of passive security with full corruption threshold(Yao, FOCS’86; Beaver, Micali, and Rogaway, STOC’90), the setting of full active security against a corrupted minority(Damgård and Ishai, Crypto’05), and, forfunctionalities, even for the setting of full active (information-theoretic) security with full corruption threshold of(Ishai and Kushilevitz, FOCS’00). This leaves open the existence of an elementary reduction that achieves full active security in the dishonest majority setting for all efficiently computable functions.Our main result shows that such a reduction is unlikely to exist. Specifically, the existence of a computationally secure elementary reduction that makes black-box use of a PRG and achieves a very weak form of partial fairness (e.g., that holds only when the first party is not corrupted) would allow us to realize any efficiently-computable function by aconstant-roundprotocol that achieves a non-trivial notion of information-theoretic passive security. The existence of the latter is a well-known 3-decade old open problem in information-theoretic cryptography (Beaver, Micali, and Rogaway, STOC’90).On the positive side, we observe that this barrier can be bypassed under any of the following relaxations: (1) non-black-box use of a pseudorandom generator; (2) weaker security guarantees such as security with identifiable abort; or (3) an additional round of communication with the functionalityg.
DOI: 10.1109/focs46700.2020.00121
发表时间: 2020-11
期刊: 2020 IEEE 61st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)
影响因子: --
作者:
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发表时间: 2020
期刊: IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2017
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发表时间: 2018
期刊: IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive
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作者:
Sanjam Garg;Yuval Ishai;Akshayaram Srinivasan
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-24676-3_26
发表时间: 2004
期刊: SubStance
影响因子: --
作者:
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