Effective Emergency Transportation for Saving Human Lives
Effective Emergency Transportation for Saving Human Lives
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DOI：
10.1023/b:nhaz.0000035003.29275.32
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发表时间：
2004-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Y. Kuwata;S. Takada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Kuwata;S. Takada
为了在灾难性地震发生后立即挽救生命，城市交通系统必须保持其功能性能，以便将受伤人员送往医院。最近的地震评估研究大多以成本效益分析为基础，以长期考虑合理的货币形式进行。然而，地震风险管理仍然存在许多问题。例如，给一个人的生命赋予货币价值被认为是不可能的。此外，在地震后的一段时间内，对运输系统功能的要求是不同的。本文集中讨论了如何评估城市交通系统在拯救人类生命方面的重要性，以及应该对系统进行哪些改进以提高性能。提出了一种地震后交通运输系统功能可靠性风险评估方法。在此期间，由于将受伤人员转移到医疗设施的时间延误，系统故障会对挽救生命产生不利影响。该方法结合伤员运输过程的系统动力学仿真，采用两种评估方法对累计伤员接受医疗救治的差异进行评估。在模拟医疗设施目的地的确定中，主要解决了两种决策方式；一种方法只使用路网信息，另一种方法同时使用路网和医院可用性信息。应用于实际目标区域的结果显示了最脆弱的道路连接和两种决策过程的差异。研究如何减轻因道路连接受损而造成的损失。本文还总结了应急交通系统先进信息技术的未来发展。
To save lives immediately after a catastrophic earthquake occurs, it is essential for an urban transportation system to retain its functional performance in order to carry injured people to hospitals. Recent seismic assessment studies have mostly been based on cost-benefit analyses, carried out in monetary terms that are reasonable for long-term considerations. However, many problems of seismic risk management still remain. For example, attributing a monetary value to a human life is considered impossible. Also, requirements for functioning of a transportation system are different in the period immediately after an earthquake. This paper concentrates on how to assess the importance of an urban transportation system as it relates to saving human life, and what system enhancements should be made to improve performance.This paper proposes a risk assessment method for the functional reliability of a transportation system immediately after an earthquake. In that period, system malfunction adversely affects the saving of lives as a result of time delays when moving injured people to medical facilities. A system dynamics simulation of transporting injured people is incorporated in the method, which uses two assessment approaches to evaluate the differences of cumulative injured people who receive medical care. In deciding on the destination of medical facility in the simulation, two ways of deciding are addressed; one uses information only on the road network, and the other uses information on both road network and hospital availability. Results of an application to an actual target area show the most vulnerable road links and differences of the two decision-making processes. A way to mitigate the loss due to damage to road links is examined. The paper also summarizes future developments in advanced information technology for emergency transportation systems.