POSSIBILITIES OF SELF-CONTROL IN MAN AND ANIMALS
POSSIBILITIES OF SELF-CONTROL IN MAN AND ANIMALS
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DOI：
10.1037/h0034492
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
ANGLIN, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PREMACK, D;ANGLIN, B
认为基本的动机程序是两个有机体的程序，其中一个有机体被第二个有机体观察和判断，然后第二个有机体作用于第一个有机体。讨论了成年后对迷信、宗教、良心、同伴和配偶的监督转移。委员会注意到在取得关于生态中外部偶然事件的作用的数据方面存在困难。一个有机体或自我控制被讨论为基于自我否定和自我奖励。一个有机体学习自我否定使自我奖励成为可能的两个阶段的过程被概述了：(A)对母亲的依恋(b)对S的反应的判断是好是坏并产生不同的结果。转移发生在那些减少负面后果的反应的规则学习中（例如，母亲的退缩或电击）。道德体系被认为是动机规则归纳的一个例子。从对老鼠进行的一系列实验得到的数据，以及对猴子和人进行的研究得到的支持数据。注意到从大鼠研究中归纳出的问题，但有人建议，如果社会化可以在大鼠中得到证明，那么这个过程一定是真实的。（21 ref.）（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有）
Considers that basic motivational procedures are 2-organism procedures in which an organism is observed and judged by a 2nd organism which then acts on the 1st. The transfer of supervision to superstition, religion, conscience, peers, and spouse in adulthood is discussed. Difficulties in obtaining data on the functioning of external contingencies in the ecology are noted. One-organism or self-control is discussed as based on self-denial as well as self-reward. A 2-stage procedure by which an organism learns the self-denial which makes self-reward possible is outlined:(a) attachment to the mother and (b) judgments of the S's responses as good or bad with different outcomes. Transfer occurs with rule learning of those responses which reduce negative consequences (eg, withdrawal of the mother or electric shock). Moral systems are regarded as an example of rule induction of motivations. Data from a series of experiments with rats are presented with supporting data from studies with monkeys and man. Problems in generalizing from studies with rats are noted, but it is suggested that, if socialization can be proved in rats, the process must be real.(21 ref.)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)