Maintaining symbiotic homeostasis: how do plants engage with beneficial microorganisms while at the same time restricting pathogens?
Maintaining symbiotic homeostasis: how do plants engage with beneficial microorganisms while at the same time restricting pathogens?
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DOI：
10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0318-fi
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Thoms;Yan Liang;Cara H. Haney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Thoms;Yan Liang;Cara H. Haney
植物吸收有益微生物的同时限制病原体对它们的生存至关重要。植物必须排除病原体;然而，大多数陆地植物能够与丛枝菌根真菌形成互惠共生。植物还与形成微生物组的复杂微生物群落相关联。每一种共生相互作用的结果--无论一种特定的微生物是致病的、共生的还是互利的--都依赖于宿主和微生物遗传学以及环境的特定相互作用。在这里，我们讨论了植物如何利用代谢物作为选择哪些微生物可以共生的大门。一旦出现，我们将讨论植物如何整合多种输入来启动免疫或互利共生的程序，以及这种模式如何扩展到微生物组。最后，我们讨论了环境信号如何与免疫力相结合，以微调恒温器，确定植物是否参与互利共生，对病原体的抵抗力，以及与微生物组的关系。总的来说，我们提出植物免疫恒温器被设置为选择和容忍基本上无害的微生物组，而受体介导的决策允许植物检测并动态响应潜在病原体或互利共生体的存在。
That plants recruit beneficial microbes while simultaneously restricting pathogens is critical to their survival. Plants must exclude pathogens; however, the majority of land plants are able to form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plants also associate with the complex microbial communities that form the microbiome. The outcome of each symbiotic interaction-whether a specific microbe is pathogenic, commensal or mutualistic-relies on the specific interplay of host and microbial genetics and the environment. Here, we discuss how plants use metabolites as a gate to select which microbes can be symbiotic. Once present, we discuss how plants integrate multiple inputs to initiate programs of immunity or mutualistic symbiosis, and how this paradigm may be expanded to the microbiome. Finally, we discuss how environmental signals are integrated with immunity to fine tune a thermostat that determines whether a plant engages in mutualism, resistance to pathogens, and shapes associations with the microbiome. Collectively, we propose that the plant immune thermostat is set to select for and tolerate a largely non-harmful microbiome while receptor-mediated decision making allows plants to detect and dynamically respond to the presence of potential pathogens or mutualists.