The effectiveness of warning signs in hazardous work places: cognitive and social determinants
The effectiveness of warning signs in hazardous work places: cognitive and social determinants
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-6870(97)00047-1
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bilik, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, A;Bochner, S;Bilik, L
有人建议，良好的警告标志应包括若干组成部分：一个警告词，如危险，然后说明危险、其严重性、可能的后果和如何避免危险。40名蓝领工人和44名学生对5种工业警告标志的反应进行了测量，以确定这些组成部分在多大程度上决定了估计的标志有效性和遵守行为意图。原始（在每种情况下都省略了一个或多个组件），一个“完整”版本，其中生成并插入了缺失的组件，以及相应地省略危险、后果和说明的版本。先前的研究结果有关的信号词的重要性得到了支持。当迹象被单独看到有没有倾向的版本与组件丢失被评为较差，只有当所有的版本一起看到的是“完整”的版本被列为更好的，这是作为反映的方法的需求特性的结果，结果反对严格遵守一个公式，需要指定的组件在一个标志。数据还支持第三人效应，表明受访者认为其他人更容易受到危害，不太可能遵守比他们自己的标志，社会因素是相当重要的标志合规性的研究结果进行了讨论，（C）1998爱思唯尔科学有限公司保留所有权利。
Recommendations have been made that good warning signs should have a number of components: an alerting word such as danger, then statements of the hazard, of its seriousness, of the probable consequences and of how to avoid the hazard. Responses from 40 blue-collar workers and 44 students were measured to five industrial warning signs to determine the extent to which these components determine estimated sign effectiveness and behavioural intentions of compliance, Each sign was presented in five versions; the original (which in each case omitted one or more of the components), a 'full' version in which missing components were generated and inserted, and versions omitting, in turn, the hazard, consequences, and instructions statements. Previous findings concerning the importance of the signal word were supported. When signs were seen singly there was no tendency for versions with components missing to be rated as poorer, Only when all versions were seen together was the 'full' version ranked as being better, a result which is taken as reflecting the demand characteristics of the method, The results argue against strict adherence to a formula requiring specified components in a sign. Data also supported the third person effect, indicating that respondents considered others to be more vulnerable to the hazard and less likely to comply with the sign than they themselves, The finding that social factors are of considerable importance in sign compliance is discussed, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.