The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Development and Initial Validation
The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Development and Initial Validation
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036465
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yali, Ann Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Exline, Julie J.;Pargament, Kenneth I.;Yali, Ann Marie
不断增长的研究表明，许多人在生活的宗教和精神方面经历过挣扎。现在需要通过涵盖多个领域的规模来更全面、可靠、简洁地衡量宗教和精神（r/s）斗争。本文介绍了包含 26 项的衡量标准——宗教和精神斗争 (RSS) 量表的开发和初步验证。该衡量标准评估了 r/s 斗争的六个领域：神圣（以对上帝的信仰或与上帝的感知关系为中心的负面情绪）、恶魔（担心魔鬼或邪灵正在攻击个人或造成负面事件）、人际（担心与宗教人士或机构的负面经历；围绕宗教问题的人际冲突）、道德（努力遵循道德原则；对自我感知的冒犯感到担忧或内疚）、怀疑（因怀疑或问题而感到困扰）。一个人的 r/s 信念）和最终意义（担心没有感知到一个人生命中的深层意义）。研究 1 在两个成人样本（Ns = 400 和 483）中使用因子分析技术来细化 RSS 的项目池。研究 2 对 1141 名本科生进行了抽样调查，结果表明使用验证性因素分析非常适合六因素模型。研究 2 还通过将 RSS 分数与宗教信仰、r/s 斗争和心理健康的衡量标准联系起来，提供了收敛性、判别性和预测有效性的证据。 RSS 上出现了几个潜在的重要人口统计差异。例如，没有恋爱关系的本科生和那些自我认定为同性恋的人报告说，他们在多个领域都面临着更大的 r/s 挣扎。
Many people experience struggle around religious and spiritual aspects of life, as shown in a steadily growing body of research. A need now exists for more comprehensive, reliable, concise measurement of religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles through a scale that covers multiple domains. This article describes the development and initial validation of a 26-item measure, the Religious and Spiritual Struggles (RSS) Scale. The measure assesses six domains of r/s struggle: divine (negative emotion centered on beliefs about God or a perceived relationship with God), demonic (concern that the devil or evil spirits are attacking an individual or causing negative events), interpersonal (concern about negative experiences with religious people or institutions; interpersonal conflict around religious issues), moral (wrestling with attempts to follow moral principles; worry or guilt about perceived offenses by the self), doubt (feeling troubled by doubts or questions about one's r/s beliefs), and ultimate meaning (concern about not perceiving deep meaning in one's life). Study 1 used factor analytic techniques in two adult samples (Ns = 400 and 483) to refine the item pool for the RSS. Study 2, which sampled 1141 undergraduates, showed very good fit for a six-factor model using confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 also provided evidence of convergent, discriminant and predictive validity by relating RSS scores to measures of religiousness, r/s struggle and mental health. Several potentially important demographic differences emerged on the RSS. For example, undergraduates without committed romantic relationships and those who self-identified as homosexual reported greater r/s struggles across multiple domains.