Performance and Variability of Local Barley Landraces in Near-Eastern Environments
Performance and Variability of Local Barley Landraces in Near-Eastern Environments
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近东环境中当地大麦地方品种的表现和变异
DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00403.x
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
G. Fischbeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Weltzien;G. Fischbeck
来自6个叙利亚和2个约旦地方品种群体的纯合品系在特拉哈迪亚(1982/83年)高产生长条件下、布雷达(1983/84年)干旱胁迫下和叙利亚黑格拉(1982/83年/84年)旱地盐分胁迫下进行了测试。平均粮食产量水平在260~4850公斤/公顷之间。在干旱和盐分胁迫下，大多数地方品系的产量显著高于最好的面颊。在特拉哈迪亚，对照品种的产量大多高于地方品系，但并不总是显着。在所有环境中，地方品系的收获指数都接近大麦的最适收获指数。它们表现出中等的株高和开花时间，在适宜的生长条件下对倒伏的敏感性高，蛋白质含量高，产量构成因素组合广泛。
在胁迫环境中，地方品系间存在极显着的遗传变异。在这些试验中，克产量的遗传力都很高。在胁迫和良好生长条件下的表现之间的相关性很差。因此，在胁迫条件下的直接选择有望为叙利亚草原地区的品种改良带来最大的收益。
在盐溶液中对脯氨酸积累和萌发模式的独特反应表明该材料具有特殊的适应性。因此，这些地方品种是有用的育种材料来源，这也扩大了目前育种计划的遗传基础。
Homozygous lines from six Syrian and two Jordanian landrace populations were tested under highly productive growing conditions in Tel Hadia (1982/83), under drought stress in Breda (1983/84), and under dryland salinity stress in Hegla (1982/83/84) in Syria. Mean grain yield levels ranged between 260 kg/ha and 4850 kg/ha. Under drought and salinity stress, the majority of the landrace lines out-yielded the best cheeks significantly. In Tel Hadia the check cultivars mostly outyielded the landrace lines, but not always significantly. In all environments the harvest index of the landrace lines was near the optimum for barley. They expressed intermediate plant height and time to flowering, high lodging susceptibility under favorable growing conditions, high protein content, and a wide range of yield component combinations.
In the stress environments highly significant genetic variation among the landrace lines was found. The heritabilities for gram yield were high in these trials. The correlations between performance under stress and under favorable growing conditions were poor. Therefore, the largest gains for variety improvement for the Syrian steppe area are expected from direct selection under stress conditions.
Unique responses in proline accumulation and germination patterns in saline solution indicated specific adaptation in this material. These landraces, thus, are a useful source of breeding material, which also widens the genetic base of the present breeding program.