Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.
Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291718002295
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Manuck SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Creswell KG;Wright AGC;Flory JD;Skrzynski CJ;Manuck SB
特质冲动被认为在预测外化光谱上的行为方面起着关键作用，比如吸毒、酗酒和攻击。研究表明，冲动可能不是一个单一的结构，而是本质上多维的，其维度在自我报告评估和实验室行为任务中有所不同。很少有大样本的研究包括一系列与冲动相关的测量，并评估了几种外化行为，以澄清这些评估对重要生活结果的预测有效性。年龄在30到54岁之间的社区成年人（N = 1295）完成了冲动相关特征的多维度评估（包括54个与冲动行为有关的人格特征的自我报告量表，以及四个旨在评估与冲动类似的结构的行为任务），并报告了五种外化行为结果（即吸毒、酗酒、吸烟、身体攻击和言语攻击）。首先在特质量表上进行探索性因子分析，然后从去抑制与约束/尽责性、神经质与消极情绪、外向性与积极情绪这三个高阶人格因素和四项行为任务中构建预测外化行为的结构方程模型。自我报告因素与行为任务之间的关系很小或不存在。自我报告因素与外化结果之间的相关性一般为中等到较大，但行为任务与外化结果之间的相关性要么不存在，要么很小。这些结果部分重复和扩展了最近的荟萃分析结果，以进一步阐明冲动相关特质量表和实验室行为任务对外化行为的预测有效性。
Trait impulsivity is thought to play a key role in predicting behaviors on the externalizing spectrum, such as drug and alcohol use and aggression. Research suggests that impulsivity may not be a unitary construct, but rather multidimensional in nature with dimensions varying across self-report assessments and laboratory behavioral tasks. Few studies with large samples have included a range of impulsivity-related measures and assessed several externalizing behaviors to clarify the predictive validity of these assessments on important life outcomes. Community adults (N = 1295) between the ages of 30 and 54 completed a multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related traits (including 54 self-report scales of personality traits implicated in impulsive behaviors, and four behavioral tasks purporting to assess a construct similar to impulsivity) and reported on five externalizing behavioral outcomes (i.e. drug, alcohol, and cigarette use, and physical and verbal aggression). We ran an exploratory factor analysis on the trait scales, and then a structural equation model predicting the externalizing behaviors from the three higher-order personality factors (i.e. Disinhibition v. Constraint/Conscientiousness, Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, and Extraversion/Positive Emotionality) and the four behavioral tasks. Relations between the self-report factors and behavioral tasks were small or nonexistent. Associations between the self-report factors and the externalizing outcomes were generally medium to large, but relationships between the behavioral tasks and externalizing outcomes were either nonexistent or small. These results partially replicate and extend recent meta-analytic findings reported by to further clarify the predictive validity of impulsivity-related trait scales and laboratory behavioral tasks on externalizing behaviors.