Neighborhood-scale urban form typologies of large metropolitan areas: Observations on Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran
Neighborhood-scale urban form typologies of large metropolitan areas: Observations on Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cities.2018.09.005
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Serag, Yehya M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masoumi, Houshmand E.;Terzi, Fatih;Serag, Yehya M.
中东、北非和东南欧大城市的微观城市形态尚未得到彻底研究，其在过去几十年中的转变也很少得到研究。因此，本研究的目的是部分解释伊斯坦布尔，开罗和德黑兰，该地区的三个大城市的城市形态，通过集中在过去世纪的历史邻里类型。这项研究的总体目标是解决过去100或150年来历史城市转型对宜居性的一些重要方面（如流动性和社会互动）的反馈。其目标是确定三个城市的社区类型以及它们如何随着时间的推移而变化，以澄清三个城市的社区水平的城市形态是否以类似的方式转变，并解决城市之间的差异。本研究的变量是人口密度，中心性，形成和位置的设施，和配置的街道网络，这是测试的T和卡方方法在一个代表性的样本随机选择的259个街区的案例研究城市。统计假设检验的结果表明，在人口密度方面的城市邻里转换的相似性。在中心性（社区设施的中心性）、社区设施的位置和街道网络的历史变化方面，发现了相当大的相似性;然而，这三个城市在趋势上具有普遍的相似性，对城市流动性可能有类似的结果。改变社区形态的最重要的确定的规划，政治和社会趋势是20世纪30年代和40年代自上而下的干预，20世纪70年代由于油价上涨，伊朗1979年革命，德黑兰的两伊战争，工业化引发的内部移民，伊斯坦布尔的大规模和正式住房生产，19世纪世纪后期城市规划中的欧洲灵感，20世纪60年代社会主义意识形态的采用，以及近年来开罗城市规划的资本主义方法。
The micro-level urban morphology of large cities in the Middle East and North Africa and southeastern Europe has not been thoroughly investigated, and its transformation during the past decades has remained less-studied. Hence, this study is meant to partially explain urban morphology of Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran, three megacities of the region by focusing on the historical neighborhood typologies of the past century. The overall aim of this study is to address the feedbacks of historical urban transformations during the past 100 or 150 years to some important aspects of livability like mobility and social interactions. The objectives are to define the typologies of neighborhoods in the three cities and how they have changed over time, to clarify if the neighborhood-level urban form of the three cities have transformed in a similar fashion, and to address the differences between the cities. The variables of this study were population density, centrality, formation and location of facilities, and configuration of street networks, which were tested by T and Chi-square methods in a representative sample of 259 neighborhoods randomly selected from the case-study cities. The results of statistical hypothesis testing reveal a similarity of neighborhood transformations in the cities in terms of population density. Considerable similarities were found in case of historical changes in centrality (the centeredness of neighborhood amenities), location of neighborhood facilities, and street networks; however, the three cities have general similarities in trends, with potentially similar results for urban mobility. The most important identified planning, political, and societal trends that transformed the neighborhood morphologies were top-down interventions in the 1930s and 1940s, socioeconomic and lifestyle changes in the 1970s because of a jump in oil prices, Iran's 1979 revolution, the Iran-Iraq War for Tehran, internal migration triggered by industrialization, mass and formal housing production for Istanbul, and European inspiration in urban planning in the late 19th century, adoption of socialist ideologies in the 1960s, and the capitalist approach to urban planning in recent years for Cairo.