Bone development.
Bone development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.035
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Olsen BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berendsen AD;Olsen BR
脊椎动物骨骼的发展反映了它的进化历史。生物矿化作用之前出现了腕骨的形成，而在轴向和非轴向骨骼结构形成之前就出现了头部骨骼。本文综述了导致软骨内骨化和膜内骨化的过程，生长和转录因子的重要作用，以及一些相关基因突变的后果。在总结了中轴骨骼中软骨、肌肉和肌腱细胞谱系的起源之后，我们讨论了肌肉力量在骨骼结构形成和肌肉骨骼功能单位组装中的作用。最后，个体发育模式的骨响应机械负荷进行了审查。
The development of the vertebrate skeleton reflects its evolutionary history. Cartilage formation came before biomineralization and a head skeleton evolved before the formation of axial and appendicular skeletal structures. This review describes the processes that result in endochondral and intramembranous ossification, the important roles of growth and transcription factors, and the consequences of mutations in some of the genes involved. Following a summary of the origin of cartilage, muscle, and tendon cell lineages in the axial skeleton, we discuss the role of muscle forces in the formation of skeletal architecture and assembly of musculoskeletal functional units. Finally, ontogenetic patterning of bones in response to mechanical loading is reviewed.