Grammatical gender and number agreement in Spanish: An ERP comparison
Grammatical gender and number agreement in Spanish: An ERP comparison
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DOI：
10.1162/0898929052880101
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Carreiras, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber, H;Carreiras, M
采用事件相关电位（ERPs）技术研究了西班牙语阅读过程中语法性别和数字表征在句法过程中的作用。当说西班牙语的人阅读单词对（实验1）或句子（实验2）时，用128个密集的电极记录脑电图，其中性别或数字一致关系被操纵。由名词和形容词组成的词对（如ment faro - alto[灯塔-高-高]）的不一致产生了n400型效应，而由冠词和名词组成的词对（如el-piano[钢琴]）则表现出额外的左前负向效应（LAN）。违反协议，在句子中插入相同的单词(例如，El piano estaba viejo y desafinado [the(m-s)piano（m-s) was old(m-s) and off-key]）导致LAN-P600模式。违规发生在句中（形容词处）和句首（名词处）时都有这种效应，但在句中位置的最后一段P600效应更大，这可能表明再分析过程的复杂性存在差异。在后期测试中发现了语法性别和数字不一致之间的差异。在单词对实验中，不同条件下P3峰值潜伏期不同，性别比数字不一致时延迟。同样，在句子实验中，P600的最后一个片段对性别的影响大于对违反数字的影响。这些事件相关电位效应支持了这样一种观点，即在性别不一致的情况下，语法不一致检测后的重新分析或修复过程可能涉及更多步骤，因为语法性别是词汇表征的一个特征，而数字被认为是一个与词干结合的形态学特征。
The role of grammatical gender and number representations in syntactic processes during reading in Spanish was studied using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. The electroencephalogram was recorded with a dense array of 128 electrodes while Spanish speakers read word pairs ( Experiment 1) or sentences ( Experiment 2) in which gender or number agreement relationships were manipulated. Disagreement in word pairs formed by a noun and an adjective ( e. g., ment faro - alto [ lighthouse - high high]) produced an N400-type effect, while word pairs formed by an article and a noun ( e. g., el-piano [the-piano piano]) showed an additional left anterior negativity]) effect (LAN). Agreement violations with the same words inserted in sentences ( e. g., El piano estaba viejo y desafinado [the(m-s)piano(m-s) was old(m-s) and off-key]) resulted in a pattern of LAN-P600. This effect was found both when the violation occurred in the middle of the sentence ( at the adjective), as well as when this happened at the beginning of the sentence ( at the noun), but the last segment of the P600 effect was greater for the middle sentence position, which could indicate differences in the complexity of reanalysis processes. Differences between grammatical gender and number disagreement were found in late measures. In the word pairs experiment, P3 peak latency varied across conditions, being later for gender than for number disagreement. Similarly, in the sentence experiment, the last segment of the P600 effect was greater for gender than for number violations. These event-related potentials (ERPs) effects lend support to the idea that reanalysis or repair processes after grammatical disagreement detection could involve more steps in the case of gender disagreement, as grammatical gender is a feature of the lexical representation in contrast to number, which is considered a morphological feature that combines with the stem of the word.