Nixtun-Ch'ich' and its environmental impact: Sedimentological and archaeological correlates in a core from Lake Petén Itzá in the southern Maya lowlands, Guatemala
Nixtun-Ch'ich' and its environmental impact: Sedimentological and archaeological correlates in a core from Lake Petén Itzá in the southern Maya lowlands, Guatemala
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Nixtun-Chich 及其环境影响：危地马拉玛雅低地南部佩滕伊察湖核心的沉积学和考古学相关性
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.05.033
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rice, Prudence M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Obrist-Farner, Jonathan;Rice, Prudence M.
长期以来，从湖泊沉积岩芯获得的沉积学信息一直被用来说明玛雅人是如何影响他们的环境的。虽然通常可以观察到总体趋势，但由于沉积数据和考古数据之间的年代性相关性较差，城市建设、森林砍伐和废弃之间的直接关联受到了阻碍。我们报道了一个515厘米的岩芯的发现，覆盖了过去7000 年的沉积，显示出两者之间的显著相关性。岩芯是从佩特恩伊塔湖(危地马拉北部的佩滕部)提取的，紧邻尼克斯顿-契奇，这是一个长期存在(约公元前1300年 -1750年)的南部低地玛雅遗址。岩芯的年代精度是通过基于贝叶斯统计的年龄-深度模型实现的，并得到了考古发掘的日期的证实。该模型基于六个放射性碳测年，并结合物理(磁化率)性质和元素(硅、铁、钛；以及锶和钙)成分的扫描XRF分析，允许与Nixtun-CH‘ich’独立测年的构造活动进行异常精确的关联。中古古典期(公元前800年至公元前500年)对该遗址非典型城市网格景观的创造造成的侵蚀在核心区域显著记录。前古典纪晚期(约公元50-200年)的其他沉积物变化可能与干旱有关，反映了当地“前古典纪晚期玛雅崩塌”的表现，为考古勘探提供了新的途径。这项研究突出了湖泊沉积物的潜力，持续记录了流域内的人类活动，忠实地记录了考古未发现的微妙之处。对遗址排水通道附近沉积的沉积物进行详细分析，可能会揭示这里观察到的复杂关联，并揭示考古记录中未发现的文化活动以及环境和生活条件。
Sedimentological information obtained from lake sediment cores has long been used to show how the Maya impacted their environment. Although general trends are usually observed, direct correlation of construction, deforestation, and abandonment of cities is hindered by poor chronological correlation between sedimentary and archaeological data. We report on findings from a 515-cm core covering the last ~7000 years of sedimentation that displays remarkable correlation between the two. The core was extracted from Lake Petén Itzá (Department of El Petén, northern Guatemala) immediately adjacent to Nixtun-Ch'ich', a long-lived (ca. 1300 BCE–1750 CE) southern lowland Maya site. Chronological precision for the core was achieved by an age-depth model based on Bayesian statistics and corroborated by dates from archaeological excavations. This model, based on six radiocarbon dates and integrated with physical (magnetic susceptibility) properties and scanning XRF analysis of elemental (Si, Fe, and Ti; also Sr and Ca) constituents, permits exceptionally precise correlations with independently dated constructional activity at Nixtun-Ch'ich'. Erosion resulting from the Middle Preclassic (800 to 500 BCE) creation of the site's atypical urban gridded landscape is prominently registered in the core. Other sediment changes at the end of the Late Preclassic period (ca. 50–200 CE) may be drought-related and reflect local expression of a “Late Preclassic Maya collapse,” suggesting new avenues for archaeological exploration. This study highlights the potential of lake sediments, continuously recording human activities in the catchment, as faithful registers of subtleties unrecovered archaeologically. Detailed analyses of sediments deposited close to sites' drainage pathways may reveal intricate correlations such as those observed here, and shed light on cultural activities and environmental and living conditions undetected in the archaeological record.
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发表时间：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.81.15.4856
发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
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