Landforms influence the development of ancient agriculture in the Songshan area, central China
Landforms influence the development of ancient agriculture in the Songshan area, central China
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地貌影响嵩山地区古代农业的发展
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.015
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Xu Junjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liao Yinan;Lu Peng;Mo Duowen;Wang Hui;Storozum Michael J.;Chen Panpan;Xu Junjie
环境对古代农业系统的发展产生了很大的影响，但与古代农业系统的发展相比，人们对古代环境条件的了解往往很少。本文以河南省嵩山地区为研究对象，探讨了新石器时代至青铜时代（距今9000-2300年）农作物分布与地形的关系。结果表明，高粱和狗尾草广泛分布在所有的地貌，无论时间段，但更多的网站位于丘陵和台地，而不是在平原。裴李岗时期（距今9000-7000年）的水稻遗骸仅在平原地区发现。仰韶时期（7000-5000 yr BP）在丘陵和梅萨地区发现了一些水稻遗址，但平原仍是水稻遗址的主要分布区域，龙山时期（5000-4000 yr BP）在台地和平原上都发现了大豆遗址。小麦最早出现在二里头时期（3900-3600 yr BP或1900-1600 BC），但证据太有限，无法确定其地形偏好。在随后的商朝（3600-3046年BP或1600-1046年）和周朝（3046-2256年BP或1046-256年BC），这种作物广泛分布在丘陵，台地和平原的网站。我们的研究表明，不同的地形为某些类型的农业发展提供了优选的生态条件，并在决定农业类型方面发挥了关键作用：旱作或稻作。
The environment exerts a strong influence on the development of ancient agricultural systems, however ancient environmental conditions are often poorly understood in comparison to the development of ancient agricultural systems. In this study, we investigated the temporal patterns of crop distributions from the Neolithic to Bronze Age (9000-2300 yr BP) in the Songshan Mountain area of Henan Province, China in relation to the landforms. Our results show that broomcorn and foxtail were widely distributed across all landforms, regardless of the time period, but more sites are located on hills and mesas and less on the plains. Rice remains dating to the Peiligang period (9000-7000 yr BP) are only found in the plains. While some rice sites are distributed in the hill and mesa areas during the Yangshao period (7000-5000 yr BP), the plains are still the major area where rice sites are found. During the Longshan period (5000-4000 yr BP), soybeans are found at sites located on both mesas and plains. Wheat first appeared during the Erlitou periods (3900-3600 yr BP or 1900–1600 BC) in the region, but the evidence is too limited to determine its landform preference. In the following Shang (3600-3046 yr BP or 1600–1046 BC) and Zhou (3046-2256 yr BP or 1046–256 BC) dynasties, this crop was widely distributed at sites in hills, mesas and plains. Our study reveals that different landforms provide preferred ecological conditions for certain types of agricultural development and played a key role in determining farming styles: dry-farming or rice-farming.