Social structure of primate interaction networks facilitates the emergence of cooperation
Social structure of primate interaction networks facilitates the emergence of cooperation
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2009.0204
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发表时间：
2009-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
B. Voelkl;C. Kasper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Voelkl;C. Kasper
动物合作长期以来一直困扰着生物学家，因为它的存在似乎违反了进化生物学的基本概念，即自然选择偏爱只促进自身福祉的“自私”基因。进化博弈论表明，合作者可以在自私的个体群体中蓬勃发展，如果他们成群结队地出现，彼此之间的互动比与自私的人更频繁。在这里，我们展示了灵长类动物的社会网络拥有促进合作出现所需的社会结构。通过模拟70个灵长类群体相互作用网络上合作行为的进化动力学，我们发现，对于大多数群体来说，网络互惠增加了合作的固定概率。这种效应强度的差异可以部分解释为群体的社区模块化--群体异质性的网络衡量标准。因此，考虑到选择性更新和伙伴选择机制，网络互惠有可能解释灵长类社会中社会学习的合作形式。
Animal cooperation has puzzled biologists for a long time as its existence seems to contravene the basic notion of evolutionary biology that natural selection favours ‘selfish’ genes that promote only their own well-being. Evolutionary game theory has shown that cooperators can prosper in populations of selfish individuals if they occur in clusters, interacting more frequently with each other than with the selfish. Here we show that social networks of primates possess the necessary social structure to promote the emergence of cooperation. By simulating evolutionary dynamics of cooperative behaviour on interaction networks of 70 primate groups, we found that for most groups network reciprocity augmented the fixation probability for cooperation. The variation in the strength of this effect can be partly explained by the groups’ community modularity—a network measure for the groups’ heterogeneity. Thus, given selective update and partner choice mechanisms, network reciprocity has the potential to explain socially learned forms of cooperation in primate societies.