Ethnic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
Ethnic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.281.11.1006
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发表时间：
1999-03-17
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Kraemer, HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkleby, MA;Robinson, TN;Kraemer, HC
背景知识的种族差异心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素之间的儿童和年轻人从全国samples.Objective评估种族差异心血管疾病的危险因素，年龄时的差异是第一次明显的，以及是否仍然存在差异后，占社会经济地位（SES.Design第三次全国健康和营养检查调查，1988年至1994年，设置89个移动的考试中心，参加者共有2769名黑人、2854名墨西哥裔美国人和2063名白色人（非西班牙裔）儿童和6至24岁的年轻人。主要结果测量种族和家庭教育水平（SES）与体重指数（BMI）、来自膳食脂肪的能量百分比、吸烟、收缩压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA（1c））和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇结果黑人和墨西哥裔美国女孩的BMI水平显著高于白色女孩，在6至9岁的儿童中，（大约0.5个BMI单位的差异），此后扩大（18至24岁之间的差异>2个BMI单位）。从膳食脂肪中获得的能量消耗与这些发现一致，黑人男孩也明显高于白色男孩。在每个年龄组中，黑人女孩的血压水平都高于白色女孩，在每个年龄组中，黑人和墨西哥裔美国女孩和男孩的糖化血红蛋白水平最高。相比之下，白色女孩和男孩的吸烟率最高，特别是那些来自低社会经济地位家庭的女孩和男孩（77%的年轻男性和61%的年轻女性，年龄在18-24岁之间，来自低社会经济地位家庭，目前吸烟）。所有的种族差异仍然显着占SES和age.Conclusion后，这些研究结果显示出强大的种族差异，CVD危险因素之间的青年可比的年龄和SES从一个大的国家样本。这些差异强调了心脏病预防计划需要从儿童早期开始并持续到整个青年期，以降低动脉粥样硬化的风险。
Context Knowledge about ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among children and young adults from national samples is limited.Objective To evaluate ethnic differences in CVD risk factors, the age at which differences were first apparent, and whether differences remained after accounting for socioeconomic status (SES).Design Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994,Setting Eighty-nine mobile examination centers,Participants A total of 2769 black, 2854 Mexican American, and 2063 white (non-Hispanic) children and young adults aged 6 to 24 years.Main Outcome Measures Ethnicity and household level of education (SES) in relation to body mass index (BMI), percentage of energy from dietary fat, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C [the difference between total cholesterol and HDL-C]).Results The BMI levels were significantly higher for black and Mexican American girls than for white girls, with ethnic differences evident by the age of 6 to 9 years (a difference of approximately 0.5 BMI units) and widening thereafter (a difference of >2 BMI units among 18- to 24-year-olds). Percentages of energy from dietary fat paralleled these findings and were also significantly higher for black than for white boys. Blood pressure levels were higher for black girls than for white girls in every age group, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were highest for black and Mexican American girls and boys in every age group. In contrast, smoking prevalence was highest for white girls and boys, especially for those from low-SES homes (77% of young men and 61% of young women, aged 18-24 years, from low-SES homes were current smokers). All ethnic differences remained significant after accounting for SES and age.Conclusion These findings show strong ethnic differences in CVD risk factors among youths of comparable age and SES from a large national sample. The differences highlight the need for heart disease prevention programs to begin early in childhood and continue throughout young adulthood to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.