Types and Mechanisms of Science-Driven Institutional Change: The case of desertification control in northern China
Types and Mechanisms of Science-Driven Institutional Change: The case of desertification control in northern China
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科学驱动的制度变迁的类型和机制：以中国北方荒漠化治理为例
DOI：
10.1002/eet.1664
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Li Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang Lihua;Li Chen
科学在制度变迁中发挥着重要作用，但在制度、制度变迁和社会治理的主流话语中，科学驱动的制度变迁的类型和机制却很少受到关注。通过对中国北方荒漠化防治的25个案例的调查、访谈、观察和档案资料的Meta分析，研究发现，尽管科学通过影响制度变迁来影响荒漠化防治的结果，但其影响力也受到科学驱动的制度变迁类型和运作原理的制约。在分析不同荒漠化控制方法的应用时，主导相互作用的生物控制类型（生物控制主导相互作用）可能是科学驱动的直观变化变量，具有最高的荒漠化控制绩效，而对于荒漠化控制的参与者来说，高度参与和多重相互作用类型可能是影响最大的变量。本研究报告还提出了科学驱动的有效体制变革的九项原则，涉及先进科学方法的协作、有效和可持续的应用和推广，各种社会行为者和组织之间的有效协作，以及关于荒漠化控制的本地化、协作和嵌套的法律、法规和规则。更强的规则会导致更有效的科学驱动的制度变革。这些研究结果为改革科学驱动的体制变革模式和实施未来的荒漠化控制和其他类型的生态和环境治理的科学和技术政策提供了一个纲要。本研究也为进一步研究科学驱动的制度变迁提供了理论和实证基础。Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd和ERP环境
Science plays an important role in institutional change, but the types and mechanisms of science‐driven institutional change have received little attention in the mainstream discourse concerning institutions, institutional change and social governance. Comparing 25 cases using data from surveys, interviews, observations and a meta‐analysis of archives regarding desertification control in northern China, this study found that, although science influenced the results of desertification control through influencing institutional change, its influence was also constrained by the types and working principles of science‐driven institutional change. When analyzing the application of different methods of desertification control, the type of biological control that dominates the interaction (biological‐control‐dominant interaction) may be that of science‐driven intuitional change variables with the highest desertification control performance, whereas for the participants in desertification control the type of high participation and multiple interactions may be the variable with the greatest influence. This study also proposes nine principles for effective science‐driven institutional change that address collaborative, effective and sustainable applications and extensions of advanced scientific methods, effective collaboration among various social actors and organizations, and localized, collaborative and nested laws, regulations and rules regarding desertification control. Stronger rules result in more effective science‐driven institutional changes. These findings provide an outline for reforming the models of science‐driven institutional change and implementing future science and technology policies for desertification control and other types of ecological and environmental governance. This study also provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for further research concerning science‐driven institutional change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment