Upper mantle tomography beneath the Pacific Northwest interior

Upper mantle tomography beneath the Pacific Northwest interior
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太平洋西北内陆下方的上地幔断层扫描

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116214
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Humphreys, Eugene D.
Humphreys, Eugene D.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stanciu, A. Christian;Humphreys, Eugene D.

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西北太平洋新生代经历了广泛的构造和岩浆建造,其历史的许多线索都在清晰的上地幔结构中。我们提出了新的P,S,和VP/VS模型,受益于改进的算法和额外的数据,最近部署的灵活的阵列实验在该地区的哥伦比亚河玄武岩,西部蛇河平原,和爱达荷州玄武岩。我们改进了先前成像结构的几何形状,并确定了太平洋西北部下方的新异常。一个明确的分离是解决之间的瓦洛厄和爱达荷州结构,从地壳的基础延伸到这些结构的深度范围。分离遵循北美前寒武纪边缘,可能表明两个结构的构造历史不同。爱达荷州岩基下的一个浅的快速异常可能是造成黄石公园轨道在岩基周围弯曲的原因。在胡安德富卡板片缺口以东存在一个强烈的异常深(180-250 km)的慢异常。这些构造的解析对于了解地幔岩石圈碎片的起源具有重要意义,也是重建太平洋西北-法拉隆-库拉-胡安-德富卡构造体系演化的关键。最重要的是,了解成像的高速地幔结构的起源提供了对它们的密度的强有力的约束,否则将在很大程度上是未知的,这控制了作用在岩石圈底部的垂直和水平应力的演变,从而控制了地形的演变。此外,解决部分熔融的上地幔的体积塑造了我们对太平洋西北内陆丰富的火山活动的起源的理解。
Abstract The Pacific Northwest has undergone extensive tectonic and magmatic construction in the Cenozoic, and many clues to its history are in a well-resolved upper mantle structure. We present new P, S, and V P/V S models that benefit from improved algorithms and additional data from recently deployed flexible array experiments in the region of the Columbia River Basalts, western Snake River Plain, and Idaho Batholith. We refine the geometries of previously imaged structures and identify new anomalies beneath the Pacific Northwest. A clear separation is resolved between the Wallowa and Idaho structures that extends from the base of the crust to the depth extent of these structures. The separation follows the Precambrian margin of North America, possibly indicating separate tectonic histories for the two structures. A shallow fast anomaly beneath Idaho Batholith may be responsible for the observed curvature of the Yellowstone track around this batholith. And a strong and unusually deep (180–250 km) slow anomaly is present east of the apparent Juan de Fuca slab gap. Resolving these structures well is important in understanding the origin of the lithospheric fragments in the mantle, and key to any reconstruction of the evolution of the Pacific Northwest-Farallon-Kula-Juan de Fuca tectonic system. Of most relevance, understanding the origin of the imaged high-velocity mantle structures provides strong constraint on their density, that otherwise would be largely unknown, which controls the evolution of vertical and horizontal stresses acting at the base of the lithosphere and hence the evolution of topography. Also, resolving the volumes of partially molten upper mantle shapes our understanding on the origin of the abundant volcanism in the Pacific Northwest interior.
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