Rice productivity in Bangladesh: What are the benefits of irrigation?
Rice productivity in Bangladesh: What are the benefits of irrigation?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.019
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Ahmed, Akhter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell, Andrew Reid;Bryan, Elizabeth;Ahmed, Akhter
绿色革命技术通过引进高产水稻和小麦品种、化肥和农药以及扩大管井灌溉面积，改变了孟加拉国的农业系统，使旱季的作物生产成为可能。然而，严重的挑战继续困扰着农业部门，包括由于人口密度高而导致的土地稀缺、化肥和杀虫剂的不平衡使用以及不同季节供水的巨大差异-从干旱到滞洪。孟加拉国农业部正在考虑进一步扩大灌溉面积，包括继续发展和改善地表水系统，以解决该国面临的许多剩余挑战。然而，这种扩张并非没有风险或后果，对谁从灌溉中受益以及如何受益的仔细分析必须指导发展优先事项。我们通过孟加拉国全国代表性的家庭调查，研究了孟加拉国三个水稻季节（澳大利亚、博罗和阿曼）的水稻生产的地块水平数据。虽然降雨量是最重要的决定因素，水稻产量在澳大利亚和化学投入是最重要的，在阿曼，获得灌溉有最大的影响，水稻产量在旱季，特别是对南部沿海地区。孟加拉国政府正计划在南部地区进行大规模投资，以改善地表水灌溉。地下水的预期下降，再加上我们的计量经济学研究结果，表明扩大博罗生产在南部可能不是一个好的战略，以促进该地区。微咸水虾养殖是否能提供一种公平和可持续的生计选择，应继续成为研究的重点。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Green Revolution technologies transformed Bangladesh's agricultural system through the introduction of high-yielding rice and wheat varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the expansion of tubewell-irrigated area, enabling crop production during the dry season. However, serious challenges continue to plague the agriculture sector, including scarcity of land due to high population density, unbalanced use of fertilizers and pesticides, and great variation in water supply across seasons - from drought to stagnant flood conditions. Further expansion of irrigated area - including through the continued development and improvement of surface water systems - is being eyed by Bangladesh's Ministry of Agriculture to address many of the remaining challenges facing the country. However, such expansion is not without risks or consequences, and a careful analysis of who benefits from irrigation, and how, must guide development priorities.We examine plot-level data for rice production during Bangladesh's three rice seasons - aus, boro, and aman - across a nationally-representative household survey in Bangladesh. While rainfall is the most important determinant of rice yield during aus and chemical inputs are most important during aman, access to irrigation has the greatest influence on boro rice yield during the dry season, particularly for the coastal south. The government of Bangladesh is planning massive investments in the southern region for the improved provision of surface water irrigation. The expected decline in groundwater, coupled with our econometric findings, suggests that expanding boro production in the south may not be a good strategy to promote, for the region. Whether brackish shrimp aquaculture can provide an equitable and sustainable livelihood alternative should continue to be a focus of research. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.