Diversity of trees and structure of forest habitat types in Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao, Philippines
Diversity of trees and structure of forest habitat types in Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao, Philippines
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菲律宾棉兰老岛塔戈山脉树木多样性和森林生境类型结构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Amoroso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mt. Tago;F. Coritico;Noel E. Lagunday;J. Galindon;D. Tandang;V. Amoroso
由于大约35-40年前的伐木，或由于农业、人类住区和野生动物产品采伐而直接导致的土地转换，Bukidnon的塔哥山脉遭受了森林砍伐和森林破碎化。它目前不是一个保护区。本研究旨在了解该遗址森林生境的树种多样性、结构组成、保护现状及威胁。2018-2019年，利用39个20 × 20米样地和6条1公里样线对该范围内的树木进行了调查。共记录到54科85属121种1032株。该遗址由四种热带森林栖息地类型组成，即：低山地雨林，高山地雨林，苔藓-侏儒和超镁铁质岩石上的森林。这些森林生境在物种组成、海拔高度、底物、优势度和结构上也存在差异。多样性指数在中海拔处最高，并逐渐向峰顶降低。海拔高度、人为活动导致的森林退化和生境的性质决定了物种多样性格局。最丰富的科为桃金桃科（23%）、豆科（12.8%）和壳斗科（12.6%）。在科水平上优势类群为桑科（8.7%）、茜草科（6.5%）和桃金桃科（5.8%）。所有森林类型的最高重要值指数（IVI）均落在热带森林的最高重要值指数范围内。保护和生态状况评估显示，11种（8%）受到威胁，28种（22%）最不受关注（LC）， 16种（12%）是菲律宾特有物种。对塔哥山脉树木多样性的威胁包括土地转为农业和定居、非法砍伐和缺乏立法保护。建议各持份者实施保育策略，以保护该地点内所有森林生境类型的树种群落和种群。
Mt. Tago Range in Bukidnon has been subjected to deforestation and forest fragmentation due to logging ca. 35–40 years ago or as direct result of land conversion for agriculture, human settlements and wildlife product harvesting. It is currently not a protected area. This study aimed to provide data on the tree species diversity, structure, composition, conservation status and threats of the forest habitats in the site. Tree survey in the range was conducted in 2018–2019 using thirty-nine 20 x 20 m sampling plots and six one-kilometer transect lines. A total of 1,032 tree individuals from 54 families, 85 genera and 121 species were documented. The site is composed of four tropical forest habitat types namely: lower montane rainforest, upper montane rainforest, mossy-pygmy and forest over ultramafic rocks. These forest habitats also differed in species composition, elevation, substrate, dominance and structure in terms of height and diameter at breast height. The highest diversity index was observed in the mid-elevation and decreasing toward the peak. The diversity pattern herein is attributed to elevation, forest degradation due to anthropogenic activities and nature of habitat. The most abundant families were the Myrtaceae (23%), Podocarpaceae (12.8%) and Fagaceae (12.6%). At the family level the most dominant taxa included the Moraceae (8.7%), Rubiaceae (6.5%) and Myrtaceae (5.8%). Highest importance value index (IVI) in all forest types fell within the range of IVI’s for tropical forests. Assessment of conservation and ecological status revealed that 11 species (8%) are threatened, 28 (22%) Least Concern (LC) and 16 (12%) are Philippine endemics. Threats to tree diversity in Mt. Tago Range included land conversion for agriculture and settlement, illegal logging and lack of legislative protection. The implementation of conservation strategies by stakeholders is recommended to protect the tree species communities and population across the forest habitat types in the site.
KEYWORDS: biodiversity, flora, Shannon-Weiner Index, Importance Value Index, non-Protected Area