Southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands confronted by Antarctic Sea ice. Changes in movements and in diving behaviour
Southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands confronted by Antarctic Sea ice. Changes in movements and in diving behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.005
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Guinet, Chrisstophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bailleul, Frederic;Charrassin, Jean-Benoit;Guinet, Chrisstophe
对凯尔盖朗岛（南纬49度50分，东经70度30分）南象海豹的行为与南大洋海洋区域的关系进行了调查。海洋学和海豹行为数据，包括位置和潜水活动，是使用新一代卫星中继设备收集的，这些设备测量和传输压力、温度和盐度沿着位置。潜水持续时间，最大潜水深度，在潜水底部花费的时间，潜水剖面形状进行了比较，男性和女性之间的海豹，并与海洋学特征的地区勘探的海豹。大多数动物都前往南极大陆架。然而，在冬季，成年女性远离大陆，留在边缘海冰区内觅食，而少年男性留在浮冰主要在南极大陆架上觅食。因此，随着冰层的扩大，雌性似乎从底栖觅食转向了更北的远洋觅食，而雄性则继续在大陆架上觅食。这种差异可能与两性之间不同的能量需求有关，但也可能与怀孕的雌性必须在早春返回凯尔盖朗以便分娩并成功抚养幼崽有关，而雄性则可以留在冰上。我们的研究结果显示了象海豹和南极海冰之间的重要联系，并表明海冰条件的变化可能会强烈影响这一物种的行为。(c)2007年由Elsevier Ltd.出版
The behaviour of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Island (49 degrees 50'S, 70 degrees 30'E) was investigated in relation to the oceanographic regions of the Southern Ocean. The oceanographic and the seal behaviour data, including location and diving activity, were collected using a new generation of satellite-relayed devices measuring and transmitting pressure, temperature, and salinity along with locations. Dive duration, maximum diving depth, time spent at the bottom of the dives, and shape of dive profiles were compared between male and female seals, and were related to the oceanographic characteristics of areas prospected by the seals. Most animals travelled to the Antarctic shelf. However, during winter, adult females travelled away from the continent, remained and foraged within the marginal sea-ice zone, while juvenile males remained within the pack ice to forage mainly on the Antarctic shelf. Therefore, as the ice expanded females appeared to shift from benthic to pelagic foraging farther north, while males continued to forage almost exclusively benthically on the continental shelf. This difference is likely related to the different energetic requirements between the two sexes, but also may be related to pregnant females having to return to Kerguelen in early spring in order to give birth and successfully raise their pups, while males can remain in the ice. Our results show an important link between elephant seals and Antarctic sea ice and suggest that changes in sea-ice conditions could strongly affect the behaviour of this species. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.